Ways of measuring rate of reactoins

Titration

Taking small amounts of a reaction solution and testing it using titration at regular intervals during a reaction. Time delay in removing sample and titrating. Potential of overtitrating

Collection of Gas Volume

The volume of gas produced in a reaction can be measured using air displacement or water displacement Solubility of gas in water, gas leaks, enthalpy of reaction could result in non constant temperature.

Collection of Gas Pressure

The change in pressure can be measured using a pressure sensor over a set period of time. However gas leaks can happen and gas leaks, enthalpy of reactions can result in temperature not being constant.

Measurement of change in mass

If a gas is a product then the change in mass over a set period of time can give the rate of a reaction. If the molar mass of the gas is low then the change in mass is small (Large impact with equipment uncertainty)

Absorption of light

Often a coloreda compound will be formed in a reaction. The amount of compound can be determined by measuring it with a spectrometer. A spectrometer can measure the change in the amount of color by measuring the exact amount of light passing through the sample, and the final amount of light transmitted. It will measure a specific wavelength of light, so the correct wavelength needs to be chosen. Temperature can’t be controlled once in the cuvet. Indicators that create a solid complex cause the absorbance to be affected due to light scattering

Electrical conductivity

Measurement of the change in conductivity of a reaction can measure the change in concentration of ions good for precipitation experiments and some redox reaction

Reaction Rate Curve

Once a reaction has been measured, a rate of the change in property vs reactants can be made. The tangent of the curve is used to measure the reaction rate. Usually the starting reaction rate is used to describe a reaction the line is the most steepest there.