NUREO 3 (10) sec 3

Emotions

solutions to persistent problems faced by
organisms in their environments, thus promoting survival.

discrete, irreducible state supported by specific sites
in the brain. Activating those brain sites causes it to occur

what is this referring to?

emotions

Plutchik

suggests that there are 8 (See Diagram) – 4
Pairs of opposites that produce different variations on the
same emotion depending on intensity

Rage is the high intensity version of
annoyance. Happiness is the opposite of sadness

what theorist does this reflect?

Plutchik

Surprise is or is not considered an emotion by some

not

what structure and what lobe is it in that plays a key role in processing emotions

limbic structure

temporal lobe (subcortical)

Stimulation of the human _____ during brain surgery produces
intense feelings of fear

amygdala

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome

Removal of the monkey amygdala causes a
series of bizarre emotional and motivational responses

• Reduced fear and aggression – Monkeys became quite docile

• Reduced food consumption – non-food items were consumed

Two key amygdala nuclei:

Basolateral Complex (BLA)

Central Nucleus (CeA)

Basolateral Complex (BLA)

Involved in emotional processing & memory

Central Nucleus (CeA):

Involved in behavioral responses to emotion, particularly
fear and stress caused by pain

Information about threatening stimuli reach the amygdala directly from sensory regions of
the ____ (‘low-road’) and from ______ (‘high-road’)

thalamus

cortical regions

lesions of the auditory cortex can still show ___ in response to tone that predicts mild shock

fear

complex stimuli requires ____ for processing

emotional significance of stimuli requires ____ for processing

cortex

no cortex

abulia

damage to ACC; powerful apathy that leaves individuals incapable of basic decisions

superficial facial muscles

create subtle movement

deep facial muscles

create larger movement

facial muscles are controlled by what cranial nerves

trigeminal and facial

action units

think distinct movements making discernable expression

stress is regulated by

HPA (because it controls the release of cortosiol)

CRF and ACTH are in what kind of loop

negative

CRF travels a short distance to the _______,
where it causes the release of ______ into the blood stream

pt gland

ACTH

ACTH travels to the adrenal gland and stimulates
_______release

cortisol

persistent use of the HPA is bad because

it is only used for short term solutions if persistent it creates negative health issues

stress resilience

ability to control your stressor may make you resilient to other stressors

control over stressors activate the

medial prefrontal cortex

activation of the mpfc does what

inhibits activity in regions like the amaygdala thus dialing down the stress response