sociology final exam (lecture based - chat simplified)

What is Social Inequality?

Some people have more money, power, and opportunities than others.

What is Equality of Opportunity?

Everyone gets the same chance to succeed.

What is Equality of Condition?

Everyone starts with the same resources.

What is the difference between Wealth and Income?

Wealth is what you own; Income is what you earn.

What is Power?

Ability to control or influence others.

What is Status?

How respected or valued you are in society.

What is Ascribed Status?

Status that is born with.

What is Achieved Status?

Status that is earned.

What is Social Mobility?

Moving up or down in social class.

What is Upward Social Mobility?

Getting richer.

What is Downward Social Mobility?

Losing status.

What is Structural Mobility?

Big changes in society that affect many people's class.

What is Poverty Shaming?

Blaming poor people for being poor.

What is Global Stratification?

Some countries are richer and more powerful than others.

What is Intersectionality?

People experience inequality in different ways based on multiple identities.

What is Colonialism?

One country takes control of another and its resources.

What is Neo-Colonialism?

Rich countries still control poorer ones indirectly.

What is Globalization?

The world becoming more connected economically and culturally.

What is Modernization Theory?

Some countries are richer because they develop faster.

What is the Conflict Perspective?

Rich countries stay rich by exploiting poor countries.

What is Dependency Theory?

Poor countries stay poor because rich countries depend on them.

What is Absolute Poverty?

Cannot meet basic needs.

What is Relative Poverty?

Poor compared to others.

What is Media?

Ways we share information.

What is Digital Media?

Online/media using technology.

What is Mass Media?

Media that reaches lots of people at once.

What is Media Bias?

News showing one side more than others.

What are Media Effects?

How media influences what we think.

What is Platform Capitalism?

Big tech companies make money using data.

What is the Propaganda Model?

Media supports powerful groups.

What is the Functionalist View of Media?

Media helps society run smoothly.

What is Conflict Theory in Media?

Media is controlled by powerful people.

What is the Interpretive Approach?

People interpret media differently.

What is Symbolic Interactionism in Media?

Media helps create shared meanings.

Sociology

The study of society and how people interact

Society

A group of people who live together and share culture

Culture

Shared beliefs, values, and behaviours

Sociological Perspective

Looking at the bigger picture of society (not just individuals)

Theory

An explanation for how or why something happens in society

Positivist Approach

Uses science and data to study society

Interpretive Approach

Focuses on understanding people's experiences

Critical Approach

Focuses on power and inequality

Functionalist Perspective

Society works like a system where everything has a role

Conflict Perspective

Society is about competition and power

Symbolic Interactionism

Focuses on everyday interactions and meanings

Social Movements

Groups trying to create social change

Micro-level Sociology

Small, everyday interactions

Macro-level Sociology

Large systems and structures

Global-level Sociology

Worldwide social processes

Survey

Asking many people questions

Interview

One-on-one questions

Experiment

Testing cause and effect

Ethnography

Studying a group by living with them

Secondary Data

Using existing data

Reform Movement

Change part of society

Revolutionary Movement

Change everything

Redemptive Movement

Change individuals

Alternative Movement

Small personal changes

Resistance Movement

Stop change

Collective Behaviour

Group behaviour that is not controlled by rules

Emergent Norm Theory

New rules form in crowds

Value-Added Theory

Certain conditions must exist for group behaviour

Social Epidemiology

Study of how society affects health

Biopolitics

Government control over people's health and bodies

Ageism

Discrimination based on age

Elder Abuse

Harm or neglect of older people

Greying of Canada

Population getting older

Social Stratification

System where society is ranked into classes

Caste System

No movement between classes

Class System

Movement between classes is possible

Intergenerational Mobility

Change between generations

Intragenerational Mobility

Change within one lifetime

Globalization

World becoming more connected

Capital Flight

Money moving to another country

Deindustrialization

Loss of factory jobs

New Media

Interactive online media

Panoptic Surveillance

Constant monitoring of people

Digital Divide

Unequal access to technology

Neo-Luddites

Technology is harmful

Technophiles

Technology is positive