Bio Unit 1 Chp 2 Variety of Living Organisms

OBJQ

What is the difference between prokaryotes & eukaryotes?

Prokaryote 

Unicellular

No membrane-bounded organelles 

No nucleus 

Eukaryote 

Multicellular

Have membrane-bounded organelles 

Have nucleus

What are the similarities in all organisms?

-Cytoplasm 

-Cell membrane 

-DNA

-Ribosomes

OBJQ

Explain about the plant kingdom?

• Multicellular 

• Eukaryote 

• Cell wall made out off cellulose 

• Have chloroplasts to absorb light energy for photosynthesis 

• Excessive glucose stored as starch, sucrose, and cellulose 

EXAMPLES: maize, peas, beans

Nutrition = Autotrophic

OBJQ

Explain about animal kingdom

• Multicellular 

• Invertebrae & vertebrae 

Invertebrate = doesn’t have skull and vertebral column 

Vertebrae = have skull and vertebral column 

Invertebrates EXAMPLES: Insect, arachnids, crustaceans, myriapods, mollusks, porifera, cnidaria, echinodermata, annelida, nematodes, and platyhelminths

Vertebrae EXAMPLES: Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Nutrition = Holozoic = taking in of solid food; heterotrophic

Name the components in the vertebral column.

FAQ

Explain about the fungus kingdom?

• Cell wall made up of chitin

• Both unicellular and multicellular 

• EXAMPLE: Mold/mushroom (multicellular) (asexual: spore formation or sexual)

 Yeast (unicellular) (asexual: budding) 

• Mold: Has a branching structure called hyphae. 

• Mycelium (collection of hyphae) 

Nutrition = saprotrophic

FAQ

What is extracellular/saprotrophic digestion?

• Hyphae secrete digestive enzymes on the food, breaking it down into soluble substances such as sugar. 

• Then the sugar is absorb by mould

• Food is used up and mould must infect another source of food by producing more spores 

• It is called saprotrophic nutrition

What is a mushroom or toadstool?

It is a reproductive structure of the organisms called the fruiting body.

Why are foods kept in the fridge to prevent rotting?

-Enzyme reactions take place at optimal temperatures.

-If enzyme reaction take place, food can rot easily and frequently 

-So the food is put in the fridge to cool and prevent rotting and mold infection.

Label the structures of fungi?

Label the structures of fungus in extracellular digestion.

OBJQ

What is the protist kingdom?

Both multicellular and unicellular

- Animal-like protists and plant-like protists 

 EXAMPLE:

(Protozoa)                      Euglena,Algae (photosynthesis)

Euglena: no cell wall 

Algae: Cellulose cellwall 

Both are unicellular

What are the examples of protists?

Amoeba = In water (pseudopodia) animal like 

Algae, chlorella = chloroplasts 

Plasmodium = parasite (malaria)

OBJQ

Explain the bacteria kingdom

- Unicellular 

-Decomposer 

- No nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles

- Plasmid and flagellum (only ⅔)

-Asexual reproduction of binary fission

OBJR 

What are the shapes of bacteria?

-Spherical 

-Rods

-Spirals

Label the anatomy and explain the function of bacteria

1. Capsule—>Prevent itself from antibiotics and WBC attack

2. Call wall—>Made out of peptidoglycan—>Extra protection

3. Cell surface membrane—>Control movement of substances in and out

4. Chromosome (nucleoid)—>Division and reproduction

5. Plasmid—>Extrachromosomal DNA—>Genetic engineering

6. Flagellum—>Movement

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of bacteria

Benefits

-Genetic engineering, insulin production, growth hormones, vaccines 

-Food making → yogurt (lactobacillus) 

-act as decomposer in sewage system

Disadvantages 

-Pathogen

What are pathogens?

Pathogens are organisms that cause diseases

What are the names of bacteria?

Lactobacillus —>yogurt

Pneumococcus→Pneumonia 

Staphylococcus→skin infection

Explain the steps in genetic engineering