IMMUNOLOGY-SEROLOGY PRE-TEST

Metchnikoff first described which of the following?

Phagocytosis

The first line of defense in protecting the body from

infection includes all the following components except:

Unbroken skin

Normal microbial flora

Phagocytic leukocytes

Secretions such as mucus

Phagocytic leukocytes

Natural immunity is characterized as being:

Innate or inborn

A synonym for an antigenic determinant is:

Epitope

The chemical composition of an antibody is:

Protein

The site of hematopoiesis in the first month of

gestation

Yolk sac

Flocculation procedures differ from latex

agglutination procedures because :

Soluble antigen reacts with antibody

A hapten is

A determinant capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier

What is a lymphokine?

A soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes

Cell-mediated immunity is primarily mediated by

T helper cells

The HLA complex is located primarily on

Chromosome 6

Type I hypersensitivity is

An immediate allergic reaction

In bone marrow transplantation, immunocompetent

cells in the donor marrow may recognize antigens in the recipient and respond to those antigens. This phenomenon is an example of

Graft versus host disease

The strength with which a multivalent antibody binds a multivalent antigen is termed the

Avidity

The Venereal Disease Research Laboratory

(VDRL) test for syphilis is classified as a(n)

Flocculation reaction

The portion of an antigen that binds to an

antibody or T cell receptor is called a(n)

Epitope

The first serologic marker to appear in

patients with acute hepatitis B virus

infection is

HBsAg

The serologic marker during the “window period” of hepatitis B is:

Anti-HBc

The least immunogenic transplant tissue:

Cornea

Macrophages have specific names according to their tissue location. Macrophages in the liver are:

Kupffer cells

In which area of the lymph node are T cells mainly found:

Paracortex

Transfer of tissues and organs between genetically identical individuals such as identical twins:

Syngraft

Fetus can be considered as an:

Allograft

The prozone phenomenon can:

1. Result from excessive antibody concentration

2. Result in false positive reaction

3. Result in false negative reaction

4. Be overcome by serially diluting the antibody containing serum

1 3 4

In infected blood, Treponema pallidum does not appear to survive at 4C for more than:

3 days

Jenner’s work with cowpox, which provided immunity against smallpox, demonstrates which phenomenon?

Cross-immunity

In searching for a cure for TB, Koch was first to observe which phenomenon?

Delayed hypersensitivity

Which immunoglobulin appears first in the

primary immune response?

IgM

Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in

the secondary response?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?

IgG

Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to

release histamine?

IgE

Toll-like receptors are found on which cells?

Dendritic cells

What type of antigen is used in the RPR card test?

Cardiolipin

Which of the following is the most sensitive test to

detect congenital syphilis?

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Which specimen is the sample of choice to

evaluate latent or tertiary syphilis?

CSF

Which tests are considered screening tests

for HIV?

ELISA, 4th generation, and rapid antibody tests

Which tests are considered confirmatory tests

for HIV?

Western blot test, HIC-1,2 differentiation assays, and polymerase chain reaction

Which is most likely a positive Western blot result

for infection with HIV?

Bands at p24 and gp120

Why is skin testing the most widely used method

to test for a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

It has greater sensitivity than in vitro measurements

What is an advantage of performing a prostate specific

antigen (PSA) test for prostate cancer?

PSA is stable in serum and not affected by a digital-rectal examination

Which of the following serial dilutions contains an

incorrect factor?

1:4, 1:8, 1:16

1:1, 1:2, 1:4

1:5, 1:15, 1:45

1:2, 1:6, 1:12

1:2, 1:6, 1:12

Corneal tissue may be transplanted

successfully from one patient to another

because

The cornea occupies a privileged site not usually seen by the immune system

Hashimoto disease is an autoimmune

disease primarily involving the

Thyroid gland

Antinuclear antibody tests are performed

to help diagnose?

lupus erythematosus

What is Avidity?

strength of a reacting antibody

An example of a live attenuated vaccine

used for human immunization is:

rabies

tetanus

hepatitis B

measles

measles

Nonspecific killing of tumor cells is

carried out by:

natural killer cells

Where does differentiation of T cells occur?

Thymus

Which immunoglobulin is predominant in body secretions?

IgA

Reactions to latex are caused by

type I hypersensitivity.

type IV hypersensitivity.

skin irritation.

all of the above.

All of the above