One Health Jeopardy **

there is no significant association between the variables

what does it mean if an analytic study determines that the null hypothesis is acceptable?

PPV decreases as prevalence decreases

If the prevalence of a disease dramatically decreases, what will be the effect on the positive predictive value of the test for this disease?

age

what variable was identified as the most important factor when describing occurrence of disease or illness

those members of the overall population who are capable of developing the disease

What is the definition of the "population at risk" in epidemiology?

rabies

What disease is the primary regulatory focus of the State Public Health Veterinarian?

department of health

state public health veterinarian located

randomization

when designing and conducting an analytic study, what action is the primary method of minimizing bias

dogs

What animal species is most responsible for transmitting rabies to humans in the world

lower the better p<0.05

what level of statistical significance (p-value) gives the highest confidence in the result?

state department of agriculture

in what part of the state government is the state veterinarian located

pathogenicity

The ability of a particular disease agent to produce disease in another host?

understand the normal baseline incidence of disease

According to the KY State PH Veterinarian, what is the primary purpose of conducting disease surveillance programs?

very high (>99%)

You administer a rapid test for a disease with a prevalence that is fairly low (~2.1%). The test is approximately 95% sensitive and 95% specific. Given this information, what would you expect for a negative predictive value?

raccoon variant

What is the predominant rabies virus variant along the entire eastern region of the U.S?

probability

________ is the "numerical expression of the likelihood of occurrence"? (aka, what are the chances something will happen?)

descriptive epidemiology

What field of epidemiology classifies the occurrence of disease according to the variables of time, place, and person?

state department for public health

The KY State Public Health Veterinarian works within what State department?

there was a significant association between the varriables

if an active study determines that the null hypothesis is rejected, what conclusion can be drawn?

secular trend

what epidemiologic term refers to gradual changes in the frequency of disease over long periods of time

active surveillance

a disease surveillance system that is very expensive and detects nearly all cases is likely to be which type of surveillance system we discussed?

relative risk, <1

After conducting a RCT, you conclude that the exposures was negatively associated with the outcome. What is the measure of association with this scenario?

sample size

in a descriptive study, what was identified as the largest determinant of chance (aka the role of randomness) in the overall degree of error

bats

What animal species is most responsible for transmitting rabies to humans in the United States?

continued incidence of disease adds to its prevalence, which will increase over time

in a chronic, infectious disease that does not kill or get better between that diseases incidence and prevalence

infection

a food borne illness is characterized by a longer incubation time and symptoms that span the GI tract. would this most likely be an infection or an intoxication

locate and exteriorize each uterine horn

what is a snook hook used for

68%

what is the percentage represented by the red area of this bell curve (1 SD on either side of the mean)

genetic fingerprinting

in the CDC's pulse net system, what

cases are those with the disease, controls have similar characteristics but do not have the disease

how case and controls are selected for case control studies

stop the outbreak

what is the number one goal of a disease outbreak investigation

infectivity

a measure of the ability of a disease agent to establish itself in the host's the definition of

internal validity

what analytic epidemiological term/ phrase refers to the degree to which the study has used methodology sound procedures

food safety

the scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness is the definition of what concept

cross sectional study

what type of study looks at potential associations between exposure and outcome, takes place at a single point in time, can determine prevalence (but not incidence), is quick and easy, and can study multiple exposures and outcomes

vertical direct transmission

what type of transmission is represented by a mare transmitting a disease in utero to the developing foal

dr. John snow

who is ht father of epidemiology

they produce toxins

who do B. cereus, S. aureus, C. perfringens, and C. botulinum produce food borne illness with such short periods of incubation

monitoring

ongoing observations without taking action based on the outcome defines what type of surveillance

food defense

what is the term defined as the effort to protect food from acts of intentional adulteration

strength of association

what criteria of causality is defined by dose dependency

strong evidence that the exposure contributed to the disease

what do an odds ratio of >5 indicate in regard to exposure and disease relationship

fomite indirect transmission

what type of transmission is represented by a veterinarian carrying FMD virus on their boots between farms

confirm the existence of a disease event

what is the first step in a CDC outbreak investigation

HUS

what disease, caused by certain food borne strains of E. coli, can result in a deadly kidney disease in children

the exposure provided protection from the disease

what does an odds ratio of <1 indicate in regard to the exposure and disease relationship

intermittent outbreak

what type of transmission best describes an outbreak with this epidemic curve shape

10%

250 individuals in a susceptible population of 5,000 contract a disease. Of the 250, 25 died from the disease. what is the case fatality rate

A disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

define a zoonotic disease

infections

between food borne intoxications, toxic-infections, and infections, which group tends to exhibit the longest incubation period

artifactual association

The significant introduction of bias in the determination of an association between cause and effect is likely to results in what type of association?

we never completely rule out chance

when addressing disease associations and causality, how do we completely rule out chance

major general Oliver O. Howard

what notable figure founded Lincoln memorial university