Science Review - Bridget Block D

Flashcards covering atomic structure, energy types, tectonic plates, weathering, electricity, and experimental variables based on Bridget’s lecture notes.

Electrons

Particles that create a magnetic force with protons and are identified by their charge (negative) and position in an atom diagram.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom, located in the center of the diagram.

Neutron

An uncharged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Kinetic energy

Energy related to movement; objects with more mass, such as a truck with $6,000\,kg$ or a $70\,kg$ person, possess more of this energy.

Potential energy

Energy possessed by an object based on its position, such as when a roller coaster car is on top of a tower.

Friction

A force, such as the air, that 'steals' some of the energy from a pendulum's motion.

Solar energy

Energy that comes from the sun.

Elastic energy

Energy stored when an object, like a capulet, is being pulled back.

Conductor

A material, such as Iron or Copper, that conducts heat.

Insulator

A material, such as Foam or Down Feathers, that protects you from heat.

Repel

The reaction when two alike charges move away from each other.

Transform

A type of tectonic plate movement where plates move against each other.

Divergent

A type of tectonic plate boundary where plates move away from each other.

Convergent

A type of tectonic plate boundary where plates move close to or against each other.

Convection

The movement of tectonic plates against each other using the Earth's magnetic field.

Force

A value influenced by the mass of objects and the distance between objects; moving objects away from each other will decrease this value.

Mechanical Weathering

A type of rock weathering involving physical breakdown.

Chemical Weathering

A type of rock weathering involving chemical reactions.

Destructive Process

A process that involves destroying the Earth's crust.

Constructive Process

A process that creates new rock or new crust.

Independent Variable

The factor in an experiment that is changed.

Dependent Variable

The factor in an experiment that is not changed (or is measured).

Law of Conservation of Energy

The principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed, explaining why a roller coaster cannot go up a second hill if it is larger than the first.

Load

A part of an electric circuit that converts energy, such as from heat to light.

Lag time

The measurement of the time between primary and secondary waves used to find how far away the epicenter is.

Electric Circuit

A system composed of three main parts: an energy source, a load, and conductive wires.

Generator

A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Motor

A device that is distinct from a generator in its energy conversion function.

Conduction

Heat transfer that occurs by moving from molecule to molecule.

Heat Transfer Direction

The flow of heat from warm to cold (e.g., from the inside out).