Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the notes on Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups.

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds made of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) only.

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons with straight or branched chains; can have single, double, or triple bonds.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons with ring structures and a special stable pattern, like benzene.

Alkanes

Hydrocarbons with single bonds only (C–C); suffix: -ane.

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons with at least one double bond (C=C); suffix: -ene.

Alkynes

Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond (C≡C); suffix: -yne.

Covalent Bonding

Bonding in which atoms share electrons.

Single Bond

A covalent bond involving 1 shared pair of electrons.

Double Bond

A covalent bond involving 2 shared pairs of electrons.

Triple Bond

A covalent bond involving 3 shared pairs of electrons.

Functional Groups

Groups attached to carbon chains that change the properties of the compound.

Alcohol

A functional group with the structure -OH; suffix: -ol.

Carboxylic Acid

A functional group with the structure -COOH; suffix: -oic acid.

Aldehyde

A functional group with the structure -CHO; suffix: -al.

Ketone

A functional group with the structure C=O located in the middle of the chain; suffix: -one.

Key Idea

Structure (type of bonds + functional groups) determines the properties and behavior of compounds.