Biochemistry of Blood Cells and Plasma Proteins

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the biochemistry of blood cells and plasma proteins, serving as a study aid for the upcoming exam.

Blood Composition

The components of blood; approximately 90% water, with plasma comprising 55% and formed elements making up 45% including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Plasma Proteins

Proteins found in blood plasma, including albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen, with various functions such as transport, osmotic regulation, and blood clotting.

Albumin

The most abundant plasma protein, important for maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting substances like hormones and fatty acids.

Acute Phase Reactants (APRs)

Proteins that change in concentration during the acute inflammatory response, such as C-reactive protein and fibrinogen.

C-reactive protein (CRP)

A positive acute phase reactant that increases in response to inflammation and binds to damaged cells to enhance immune response.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, constituting about 98-99% of blood formed elements.

Complement System

A part of the immune system comprising proteins that enhance the ability to clear pathogens from an organism and promote inflammation.

Fibrinogen

A glycoprotein in plasma that is converted into fibrin during blood clotting; it is an acute-phase reactant.

Transferrin

A beta-globulin that binds free iron in serum; its levels can change in response to iron deficiency.

Leukocytes

White blood cells involved in immune response; types include neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.