Pub health final

Cassagnol presentation, malaria, COVID, chronic disease, healthcare system, more focus on laws/large statistic takeaways, no COVID (?)

Parasite responsible for malaria?

Plasmodium falciparum

Reservoir of plasmodium falciparum?

Monkey

Vector for plasmodium falciparum?

Mosquitoes

What are the primary and secondary targets for malaria?

Liver and RBCs respectively

Symptoms of malaria

Fever, anemia, pregnancy complications, risk of transmission

Treatments/countermeasures for malaria/parasites?

Chloroquine/quinine/artemisinin and DDT/DEET respectively

Coronavirus properties

ssRNA (+) virus

Has resistance to GI
Relies on lower temperatures (upper respiratory system)

What enzyme does do RNA viruses like COVID require to work?

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Statistics about chronic disease

70% of deaths in US

75% of medical costs

1/10 Americans disabled by chronic disease

33% of years of potential life lost before age 65

List of chronic diseases

Cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neurological disorders (Alzheimers), mental illness

Means of preventing chronic diseases

Behavior/lifestyle changes, diet/exercise, smoking cessation

What percent of people deal with cardiovascular disease?

1/4th of population (61m)

Framingham heart study (1948)

Cohort study that evaluated risks for heart conditions (hypertension cholesterol smoking)

Mutation causes

Chemical exposure, viruses (HPV, Hep B), HIV, radiation

Factors that promote tumor progression

Hormones, UV irradiation, tobacco carcinogens, food chemicals (colorings?), environment toxins/pollutants

Cancer registries

National Cancer Institute, Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER), CDC (National Program of Cancer Registries)

What are state registries responsible for with respect to cancer?

Monitoring trends (incidence and cancer patterns), survival data, planning/evaluation, resource allocation, advancement of research, contribution to national database

HER + / - Breast Cancers

Increased reception to human epidermal growth factor, causes cancer - Herceptin used to treat

Diabetes statistics/info

17m American cases, 200k deaths from complications (heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, amputation, flu, pneumonia), 350k child type I diabetes cases

Distinction in type 1 vs 2 diabetes

Type 1- early age, insulin deficiency

Type 2- later in life, insulin resistance, tied to lack of physical activity/obesity

Risk factors for t2 diabetes

Genetic, medical predispositions, lifestyle

Lifestyle intervention vs. drugs study (diabetes)

Three year study in high risk population for diabetes, compare 7% weight reduction, new diet, exercise and education to metformin. Determined to be half the rate of placebo, and 7% additive difference to metformin (28.9/21.7/14.4)

What was the issue with trehalose (artificial sugar)?

Trehalose could only be broken down by specific gut bacteria, which led to overproliferation of that one bacteria which causes gut damage

Which organization is responsible for food additives, metabolism affects and more?

FDA

Hunger and obesity statistics

¼ kids and 1/6 adults go hungry every night, 1/5 kids live in food insecure homes

What was the recommended amount of sugar by WHO, that was rejected by American corporations?

Upper limit of 10% sugar in food, with a max daily intake of 12 tsps

Out of the top 10 causes of death, how many are chronic?

7 out of 10