Functional Groups Defination

Alkane

All carbon bonds are single

Alkene

All carbon bonds are double

Alkyne

All carbon bonds are triple

Aromatic

6 membered carbon ring, with 3 single alternating bonds

Primary Alcohol

Hydroxyl (-OH) attached to 1 carbon

Secondary Alcohol

Hydroxyl (-OH) attached to 2 carbons

Tertiary Alcohol

Hydroxyl (-OH) attached to 3 carbons

Phenol

Hydroxyl (-OH) on benzene ring

Ether

Oxygen attached to two carbons by a single bond

Acetyl

Methyl (CH3) attached to a carbonyl (C=O)

Aldehyde

Carbonyl (C=O) is bonded to at least one hydrogen

Ketone

Carbonyl (C=O) is bonded with two carbons

Carboxylic acid

Carbonyl (C=O) is attached to hydroxyl (-OH)

Carboxylate

Carbonyl (C=O) is attached to only oxygen

Ester

Carbonyl (C=O) is attached to oxygen that is attached to another carbon

Amide

Carbonyl (C=O) is attached to a nitrogen

Phosphate

Phosphate attached to four oxygens

Primary amine

Nitrogen is attached to one carbon

Secondary amine

Nitrogen is attached to two carbons

Tertiary amine

Nitrogen is attached to three carbons

Quaternary amine

Nitrogen is attached to four carbons