Cold War Beginnings and Mao’s China

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Last updated 12:19 PM on 4/16/26
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13 Terms

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Cold War

  • A period of political and military tension after WWII between the United States and the Soviet Union.

  • Characterized by rivalry, propaganda, and proxy wars rather than direct fighting.

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Denazification

  • Process of removing Nazi influence from Germany after WWII.

  • Included trials, banning Nazi organizations, and re-educating the population.

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Truman Doctrine

  • Policy by President Harry S. Truman to stop the spread of communism.

  • Provided aid to countries like Greece and Turkey to resist Soviet influence.

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Iron Curtain

  • Term popularized by Winston Churchill describing the division between Western and Eastern Europe.

  • Symbolized the political and ideological barrier created by the Soviet Union.

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Marshall Plan

  • U.S. program that gave economic aid to rebuild Western Europe after WWII.

  • Aimed to prevent the spread of communism by promoting economic stability.

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Berlin Airlift (Berlin Crisis)

  • Western Allies flew supplies into West Berlin after the Soviet blockade (1948–1949).

  • Demonstrated resistance to Soviet pressure without direct military conflict.

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NATO

  • Military alliance formed in 1949 between the U.S., Canada, and Western European countries.

  • Members agreed to mutual defense against attacks, especially from the Soviet Union.

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Warsaw Pact

  • Military alliance created by the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in 1955.

  • Served as a counterbalance to NATO.

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United Nations

  • International organization founded in 1945 to promote peace and cooperation.

  • Works to prevent conflicts and address global issues like human rights.

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Mao Zedong

  • Leader of communist China and founder of the People’s Republic of China in 1949.

  • Promoted revolutionary ideas and strong state control over society.

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Great Leap Forward

  • Campaign led by Mao Zedong to rapidly industrialize China (1958–1962).

  • Led to widespread famine and millions of deaths due to poor planning.

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Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution

  • Movement (1966–1976) to enforce communist ideology and remove “enemies” of Mao.

  • Caused social chaos, persecution, and destruction of cultural heritage.

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Little Red Book

  • Collection of quotations from Mao Zedong.

  • Used as a propaganda tool to spread Maoist ideology, especially among youth.