3.2 - Empires: Administration

Divine Right of Kings

Belief that a monarch's authority came from God rather than the people

Justices of the Peace

Officials selected by the landed gentry to maintain peace in the counties of England and to carry out the monarch's laws

English Bill of Rights

Bill signed which assured individual civil liberties and protected against tyranny

Absolute

Directed by one source of power

Cardinal Richelieu

Minister of French king Louis XIII

Intendants

Royal French officials sent to provinces to carry out the king's policies

Tax farmers

Another name for intendants because they oversaw the collection of various taxes in support of the royal governments

Louis XIV

The French king who became the classic example of absolute monarchy in Europe, also called the Sun King

Palace of Versailles

Lavish French royal palace used by Louis XIV to display power and control nobles

Boyars

The noble landowning class in Russia

Romanov Dynasty

The dynasty that took control of Russia in 1613 after a period of turmoil following Ivan's death in 1584

Peter I

Also known a s Peter the Great, who ruled Russia from 1682-1725

St. Petersburg

New capital built by Peter I to monitor boyars

Devshirme

Ottoman system recruiting Christian boys into elite military and bureaucratic service

Janissaries

Elite forces in the Ottoman army

Tokugawa Ieyasu

A daimyo who was declared shogun in 1603

Tokugawa Shogunate

Japan's early modern military government that centralized rule under the shogun

Daimyo

Landholding aristocrats in Japan

Edo

New center of power city in Japan (modern-day Tokyo)

Period of Great Peace

The era where the successors of Tokugawa Ieyasu continued to rule into the mid-18th century

Askia the Great

Songhai ruler who promoted Islam to unify and legitimize imperial rule

Qing Imperial Portraits

Official paintings that presented Qing emperors as powerful, cultured, and legitimate rulers

Akbar

Mughal ruler who expanded the empire and promoted a more inclusive governing style

Delhi

Capital of the Mughal Empire

Shah Jahan

Ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1628-1658

Taj Mahal

Grand Mughal mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for his wife Mumtaz Mahal

Zamindars

Local Mughal officials who collected taxes and governed land for the empire

Tax farming

System in which governments sold private individuals the right to collect taxes

Tributes

Commodities collected from other states as a way to demand recognition of their power and authority (China)