Problem-Solving Mindsets and Processes

This flashcard set covers psychological mindsets for problem solving, the five-step problem-solving process, different professional approaches to issues, and brainstorming techniques.

Optimism (in problem solving)

Increases problem solving capacity and involves describing the problem, writing thoughts/beliefs, dispelling ineffective beliefs, and adjusting perspective based on realistic beliefs.

Growth mindset

The approach of listening to an inner voice, understanding potential as "not yet," setting learning goals, and recognizing internal changes during the learning process.

Unconscious mind

A tool for problem solving where the best discoveries come during independent activities or when not actively working on the problem.

Problem solving errors

Common mistakes including solving the wrong problem, being too attached to ideas (forming a bias), and misjudging people.

Step 1—CLARIFY

The first step of the problem-solving process involving creating a short problem statement, formulating goals (ideal and 'good enough'), and reframing the problem.

Step 2—UNDERSTAND THE (ROOT) CAUSES

The phase involving gathering data, distinguishing facts from opinions, identifying root causes using tools like a logic tree, and testing hypotheses.

Logic tree

A tool used to help identify all possible root causes of a problem during the 'Understand Root Causes' step.

Step 3—CREATE PROMISING SOLUTIONS

The phase involving challenging assumptions, generating many solutions without judgment, and looking at the problem with the eyes of a six-year-old child.

Step 4—CHOOSE THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION

The phase involving weighing pros and cons, shortlisting solutions based on impact and implementation, and performing checks like sunk cost, sensitivity, and heart checks.

Step 5—COMMIT YOURSELF (AND OTHERS)

The action phase which requires persistence, trying solutions, and moving through learning loops (Plan–Test–Review–Learn).

Learning loops

A cycle of continuous improvement involving the steps: Plan–Test–Review–Learn.

Solve it like a Scientist

An approach characterized by working with hypotheses, testing with data, and remaining open to being wrong.

Solve it like a Doctor

An approach that starts with multiple hypotheses, gathering and interpreting information, and refining a diagnosis.

Solve it like a Designer

An approach that uses iterative cycles to test and refine solutions with users.

Solve it like a Consultant

An approach that breaks problems into manageable issues, prioritizes high-impact/controllable areas, and uses storytelling.

Solve it like an Expert Negotiator

An approach that focuses on understanding interests, creating mutually beneficial options, and using objective criteria.

Solve it like a Coach

An approach that uses questioning to stimulate critical thinking and guides through the GROW model.

GROW model

A coaching framework representing Goal, Reality, Options, and Will.

Brainstorming guidelines

Instructions to suspend judgement, welcome free-wheeling, strive for quantity, combine and improve, and do not edit.

Reverse brainstorm

A technique used at the end of a brainstorming session to identify potential points of failure by asking "in how many ways can this idea fail?"