SAT MATH

Coefficient

The number multiplying a variable.

Constant

A fixed number (no variable).

Variable

A symbol representing an unknown value.

Term

A single math piece (like 4x or -7).

Expression

A math statement that has no equals sign.

Equation

A math statement that has an equals sign.

System of equations

Two or more equations solved together.

Solution set

All possible solutions to an equation.

Linear

A term describing a straight line (degree 1).

Quadratic

A term describing degree 2 equations (parabola).

Function

A relation where each input has one output.

Domain

All possible x-values of a function.

Range

All possible y-values of a function.

Intercept

The point where the graph crosses an axis.

Slope

The rate of change in a graph.

Rate of change

How fast y changes with respect to x.

Increasing/Decreasing

Describes whether the graph is rising or falling.

Vertex

The highest or lowest point of a parabola.

Axis of symmetry

The vertical line that splits a parabola.

End behavior

What the graph does on the far left and right.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers.

Median

The middle value in a data set.

Mode

The most frequent value in a data set.

Standard deviation

A measure of the spread of data points.

Interquartile range (IQR)

The range of the middle 50% of data.

Outlier

An extreme value in a data set.

Scatterplot

A graph that displays paired data.

Correlation

The strength of the relationship between two variables.

Line of best fit

A trend line that summarizes data.

Complementary

Two angles that sum to 90°.

Supplementary

Two angles that sum to 180°.

Congruent

Figures that are the same size and shape.

Similar

Figures that are the same shape but scaled differently.

Hypotenuse

The longest side in a right triangle.

Adjacent / Opposite

Terms used to describe sides in relation to an angle.

Radian

An angle measure in terms of π.

Arc length

The length along the circumference of a circle.

Sector

A "slice" of a circle.

Exponential growth/decay

A process involving repeated multiplication.

Polynomial

An expression made of multiple terms added together.

Factor

Something that multiplies another value.

Zero / Root

The value where a function equals 0.

Solution to inequality

A range of values that satisfy the inequality.

Absolute value

The distance of a number from zero.

Piecewise function

A function defined by multiple rules.

Constraint

A restriction imposed in a word problem.

At least

Represents the inequality symbol ≥.

At most

Represents the inequality symbol ≤.

No more than

Indicates ≤ in inequalities.

No less than

Indicates ≥ in inequalities.

Distinct

Means different from one another.

Consecutive

Refers to the next items in a numerical order.

Inclusive

Indicates that endpoints are included.