Chapter 3: Visual Displays of Data Flashcards

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and definitions for basic visual displays of data as described in the Chapter 3 lecture notes.

Distribution

The way the values of a variable are spread over all possible values.

Bar graph

A display consisting of bars representing frequencies (or relative frequencies) for particular categories, commonly used for qualitative data, where bar lengths are proportional to frequencies.

Dotplot

A variation on a bar graph in which each individual data value is represented with a dot rather than a bar.

Pareto chart

A bar graph with the bars arranged in frequency order, making sense only for data at the nominal level of measurement.

Pie chart

A circle divided so that each wedge represents the relative frequency of a particular category; the wedge size is proportional to the relative frequency and the entire pie represents $100\%$.

Histogram

A bar graph for quantitative data at the interval or ratio level of measurement where bars have a natural order and widths have specific meaning.

Line chart

A display that shows the data value for each category as a dot connected by lines, where the horizontal position is the center of the bin and the vertical position is the data value.

Time-series graph

A histogram or line chart in which the horizontal axis represents time.

Stemplot

Also known as a stem-and-leaf plot, a display like a histogram turned sideways that shows a listing of data values separated into a stem and a leaf.

Stem

In a stemplot, the leftmost part of a data value, such as the tens column of an age.

Leaf

In a stemplot, the rightmost part of a data value, such as the ones column of an age.

Tick marks

Marks along an axis that precisely locate numerical values and should line up with the numbers of the scale.

Legend

A key used to identify individual data sets when multiple data sets are displayed on a single graph.

Title/caption

A component of a graph that explains what is being shown and, if applicable, lists the source of the data.