Muscles of Lower Limb

thigh, hip, gluteal region, leg, foot

gluteus maximus

most superficial, whole gluteal region

origin: iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, aponeurosis of sacrospinalis

insertion: iliotibial tract, superior lateral of linea aspera

action: extend thigh at hip, lateral rotate thigh,

innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

gluteus medius

deep to Maximus, upper half

origin: ilium

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

action: abduct thigh at hip, medially rotate thigh

innervation superior gluteal nerve

gluteus minimus

deep to medius

origin: ilium

insertion: greater trochanter of femur

action: abduct thigh at hip, medially rotate thigh

innervation: superior gluteal nerve

gluteal muscles

gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimis

piriformis

superficial to sciatic nerve

origin: anterior sacrum

insertion: superior border of greater trochanter of femur

action: laterally rotate things, abduct thigh

innervation: S1, S2

obturator internus

2nd in GOGO, inferior to superior gemellus

origin: inner surface of obturator foramen, pubis, ischium

insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter

action: laterally rotate + adduct thigh

innervation: nerve to obturator internees

obturator externus

deep to others in GOGO complex, most inferior

origin: outer obturator membrane

insertion: trochanters fossa of femur

action: laterally rotate + abduct thigh at hip

innervation: obturator nerve

superior gemellus

beginning of GOGO complex

origin: ischial spine

insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

action: laterally rotate + abduct thigh at hip

innervation: nerve to obturator internees

inferior gemellus

3rd in GOGO complex

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

action: laterally rotate + abduct thigh at hip

innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

quadratus femoris

rectangle inferior to GOGO complex

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: above intertrochanteric crest on femur

action: laterally rotate, stabilize thigh at hip

innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris

adductor longus

origin: pubic crest, pubic symphysis

insertion: linea aspera of femur

action: adduct, flex thigh at hip, rotate thigh

innervation: obturator nerve

adductor brevis

origin: inferior armies of pubis

insertion: upper half of linea aspera of femur

action: adduct and flex thigh at hip, rotate thigh

innervation: obturator nerve

adductor magnus

origin: inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity

insertion: linea aspera of femur

action: adduct thigh, rotate thigh, flex + extend thigh

innervation: obturator nerve, sciatic nerve

pectineus

origin: superior ramus of pubic

insertion: pectineal line of femur

action: flex + adduct thigh

innervation: femoral nerve

gracilis

origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis

insertion: medial surface of tibia

action: adduct thigh, medially rotate thigh, flex at knee

innervation: obturator nerve

quadriceps femoris

group for rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

rectus femoris

origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity)

action: extend leg at knee, flex at hip

innervation: femoral nerve

vastus lateralis

origin: greater trochanter, linea aspera

insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity)

action: extend leg at knee

innervation: femoral nerve

vastus medialis

origin: linea aspera

insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity)

action: extend leg at knee

innervation: femoral nerve

vastus intermedius

origin: anterior + lateral surface of fetus

insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity)

action: extend leg at. knee

innervation: femoral nerve

sartorius

origin: anterior superior iliac spine

insertion: medial surface of tibia

action: flex knee at leg, flex/abduct/laterally rotate thigh at hip

innvervation: femoral nerve

hamstrings

group name for biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus

biceps femoris long head

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: head of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia

action: flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip

innervation: tibial nerve, fibular nerve

biceps femoris short head

origin: linea aspera of femur

insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

action: flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip

innervation: tibial and fibular nerve

semitendinosus

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: proximal end of medial surface of tibia

action: flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip

innervation: tibial nerve

semimembranosus

origin: ischial tuberosity

insertion: medial condyle of tibia

action: flex leg at knee, extend thigh at hip

nerve: tibial nerve

tibialis anterior

origin: lateral condyle and body of tibia, interosseous membrane

insertion: metatarsal I and medial cuneiform

action: dorsiflex foot at ankle, supinate foot at inter tarsal

innvervation: deep fibular/peroneal nerve

extensor hallucis longus

origin: anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

insertion: distal phalanx of hallux

action: dorsiflex foot at ankle, extend proximal phalanx of metatarsophalangeal joint

innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

extensor digitorum longus

origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane

insertion: middle and distal phalanges of toes II-IV

action: dorsiflex foot at ankle, extend distal/middle phalanges

innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

fibularis tertius

origin: distal third of fibula, interosseous membrane

insertion: base of metatarsal V

action: dorsiflex foot, pronate foot at intertarsal joint

innervation: deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

fibularis longus

origin: head and body of fibula

insertion: metatarsal I, medial cuneiform

action: plantar flex, pronate foot

innervation: superficial fibular nerve

fibularis brevis

origin: body of fibula

insertion: base of metatarsal V

action: plantar flex foot, pronate foot

innervation: superficial fibular nerve

gastrocnemius

origin: lateral + medial condyles of femur

insertion: calcaneus (achilles tendon)

action: plantar flex, flex leg at knee

innervation: tibial nerve

soleus

origin: head of fibula, medial border of tibia

insertion: calcaneus (achilles)

action: plantar flex

innervation: tibial nerve

plantaris

origin: lateral epicondyle of femur

insertion: calcaneus (medial to achilles)

action: plantar flex, flex leg at knee

innervation: tibial nerve

popliteus

origin: lateral condyle of femur

insertion: proximal tibia

action: flex leg at knee, medially rotate tibia

innervation: tibial nerve

tibialis posterior

origin: tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

insertion: metatarsal II-IV, navicular, cuneiform

action: plantar flex, supinate foot

innervation: tibial nerve

flexor digitorum longus

origin: posterior surface of tibia

insertion: distal phalanges II-IV

action: plantar flex, flex toes

innervation: tibial nerve

flexor hallucis longus

origin: posterior of fibula

insertion: distal phalanx of big toe

action: plantar flex, flex big toe

innervation: tibial nerve

extensor hallucis brevis

origin: calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum

insertion: proximal phalanx of big toe

action: extend big toe

innervation: deep fibular

extensor digitorum brevis

origin: calcaneus, inferior extensor retinaculum

insertion: middle phalanges of II-IV

action: extend toes

innervation: deep fibular nerve

abductor hallucis

origin: calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

insertion: medial side of proximal phalanx of big toe

action: abduct, flex big toe

innervation: medial plantar nerve

flexor digitorum brevis

origin: calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

insertion: middle phalanx toes II-V

action: flex toes

innervation: media plantar nerve

abductor digiti minimi

origin: calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx on little toe

action: abduct + flex little toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

quadratus plantae

origin: calcaneus

insertion: tendon of flexor digitorum longus

action: helps flex toes II-IV

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

lumbricals

origin: tendons of flexor digitroum longus

insertion: tendon of extensor digitorum longus

action: helps extend toes

innervation: medial, lateral plantar nerve

flexor hallucis brevis

origin: cuboid, lateral cuneiform

insertion: proximal phalanx of big toe

action: flex big toe

innervation: medial plantar nerve

adductor hallucis

origin: metatarsal ligaments of II-IV

insertion: lateral side of big toe

action: adduct, flex big toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

flexor digiti minimi brevis

origin: metatarsal V, tendon of fibularis longus

insertion: lateral side of proximal phalanx of little toe

action: flex little toe

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

dorsal intersoseii

origin: metatarsals

insertion: proximal phalanges

action: abduct, extend, flex toes

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

plantar interossei

origin: metatarsals III-V

insertion: medial side of proximal phalanges

action: adduct, flex, extend toes

innervation: lateral plantar nerve

iliopsoas

made of iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor

iliacus

origin: iliac fossa, sacrum

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

action: flex thigh at hip, laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk at hip

innervation: femoral nerve

psoas major

origin: transverse process + bodies of lumbar vertebrae

insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

action: flex thigh at hip, laterally rotate thigh, flex trunk at hip

innervation: lumbar spinal nerves L2-L3

tensor fasciae latae

origin: iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, iliotibial tract

insertion: iliotibial tract

action: flex at hip

innervation: superior gluteal nerve

psoas minor

origin: lateral body of T12, L1

insertion: pectineal line of pubis

action: flex vertebral column

innervation: spinal nerve L1