History-Unit 5

Harry Truman

President after WW2, all controlling president

Dwight D. Eisenhower

He wants nuclear weapons, and cheaper way for military

Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

Iron wall down Europe, speech that started Cold War

Containment

Method to stop USSR, heal diseased tissue, make sure communism does not spread, provide a counter force

George Kennan

Send a telegram that laid out US foreign policy

Truman Doctrine

Saidwe should send foreign to Europe to protect them from communism, said we would always defend democracy and free people

NSC – 68

Said we need to increase the amount of money spending in military

Marshall Plan

Massive spending package to strengthen western European economy after WW2, send $183 billion, increased trade

NATO

Meant to deter Soviet Expansion, article 5, positive vision, offensive alliance

Korean War

North Korea was backed by Russia, South Korea backed by US, fought back and forth, 54,000 Americans died, 2 million North and South Koreans lost their lives

Iranian Coup and Mossadegh

1953, US overthrew Mossadegh because he fought against the oil issue and put in Shah, an authoritarian leader

House Committee on Un-American Activities

Government committee that investigated people they thought were communist, targeted Hollywood

Joseph McCarthy/McCarthyism

McCarthy said communism was in the US, targeting gay men, claimed he there were over 200 people in DC that were communist

Army/McCarthy Hearings

McCarthy went after the army, but they hired a really good lawyer and took him down

Space Race

Race between Russia and US to get to space first, Russia was winning until the US got to the moon first

NASA

Led the way for the US during the space race, had lots of fails before its success

Ho Chi Minh

President of North Vietnam, communist, got North Vietnam freedom from France

Viet Minh

Group that took over North Vietnam

Ngo Dinh Diem

Controlled South Vietnam, puppet leader for the US, ends up in a coup from the US

Gulf of Tonkin Incident

Two ships shot down by North Vietnam on 8/2 and 8/4, ends up being fake

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Puts all the power in the president, a blank check to LBJ, actually written early summer of 1964

Domino Theory

If we don’t protect South Vietnam, we could let communist spread across Asia

Viet Cong

Challenged Diem’s control of South Vietnam, communist operation in S.V., North supported it, US did not

National Liberation Front

Different name for Viet Cong

Guerrilla warfare

Much different than WW2, U.S. overpowered Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh Trail

Trail that went through North Vietnam, controlled by a North Vietnamese group, increasing point of stress for US

Napalm

Gasoline in gel form, used by US in bombs, caused the burning to last longer

Agent Orange

Caused birth defects, burned forests’, done by the US

My Lai Massacre

300-500 Vietnamese were killed by US troops, told there were only enemy combatants in the village, but there was conflicting reports

Secret War

Took place in Laos, “perfect place for war”, had the Hmong people fight a war for the US, abandoned them after, no boots on the ground

Counterculture

saying no to the government, took place in music or art

John Kerry

Jim Crow Laws

“separate but equal”, segregated the south

Redlining

Divided neighborhoods by race, making certain parts pay higher rent

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, civil rights program to combact racism

Plessy v. Ferguson

Brown v. Board of Education

Attempt to combat Jim Crow laws, won and desegregated public schools

Emmett Till

14 year old boy who was lynched in Mississippi, did not get charged with murder, murders tell magazine and make money off of their murder

Montgomery bus boycotts

protested riding the bus for up to a year, huge economic results

Martin Luther King

Face of the civil rights movement, very peaceful, raise the tension

Rosa Parks

Picked for being the “perfect” image, arrested for violating Hamslon bus segregation laws

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, MLK was apart of it

SNCC

group of college aged students trying to make change, John Lewis worked for them

Lunch counter sit-ins

College aged students trying to desegregate lunch counters, preserved the image of perfect, faced lots of racial violence

Freedom Rides

1961, riders tried to desegregate transportation by riding busses from D.C. to New Orleans, brutally attacked, stopped in Jackson, fill the jails

De jure

of the law

De facto segregation

social segregation

Birmingham Campaign

Spring of 1963, effort to end Jim Crow segregation, ends up getting everyone arrested, but works with Birmingham becoming desegregated

Eugene “Bull” Connor

Violent, knew it would bring media to the issue

Children’s Crusade

MLK asks for children to march, on May 2 1963 they marched, 1000s get arrested, but ends up getting released and works, like Liam with ICE brings awareness

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

MLK’s letter from jail, talks about how how the movement is for White moderates, raises the tension

Nonviolent direct action

Large peaceful actions to draw attention to injustice and encourage change

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination in public places, hiring, included protections on basis of race, sex, religion and nationality, intent versus impact is a concern

Selma

SNCC was working there to get more voters, only 2% of Black voters were registered

Bloody Sunday

In reaction to the shooting of Jimme Lee Jackson, were supposed to walk from Selma to Montgomery, ends up getting attacked after crossing the bridge, 50 million people watched

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Banned discrimination in voting, got rid of preclearance,

Malcolm X

Black nationalist, believed in separatism, more violent than MLK

Black separatism

Opposite of integration, two different worlds

Black Power

John Lewis

Leader of SNCC, looks up to MLK, leads Bloody Sunday

Great Society

LBJ’s idea for the ideal world, no racism, every has money and is equal

War on Poverty

Very FDR like, tries to make life better for the poor, SNAP

Medicare

Care for the elderly

Medicaid

Care for the poor

Betty Friedan

Wrote a book about the feminine mystique, and how women were on pedestal but still did not have equality

National Organization of Women

First Wave Feminism

Right to vote

Second Wave Feminism

Basic need, equality