Micro - Lab exam 2

Molting

Periodic shedding and regrowth of an exoskeleton

Invertebrate

Animals that lack a backbone

Vector

An organism that transmits disease from host to host

Chitin

Polysaccharide in the cel walls of fungi and exoskeleton of arthropods

Ectoparasite

AN organism that lives on the outside of its host, deriving nutrients at the host’s expense

Mechanical vector

Pathogens are transmitted passively on the body of the carrier

Biological vectors

Pathogens live/replicate within a host and are transmitted typically through a bite

Definitive host

Host where parasite reaches full maturity and reproduces sexually

Intermediate host

Host where parasite reproduces asexually until becoming fully mature in a new host

Disease transmitted by: Pediculus

Typhus

Disease transmitted by: Xenopsylla

Bubonic plague

Disease transmitted by: Anopheles

Malaria

Disease transmitted by: Culex

Encephalitis

Antibiotics

A substance made and secreted by a living microorganism that kills or inhibits the growth of another microorganism

Saprophytic

Feeding on dead organic matter

Hyphae

Threadlike strands of fungal cells

Mycelium

Interwoven mass that makes up the main body of the fungus

Septa

Cells within the hyphae usually separated by cross-walls

Macrofungi

Multicellular fungi that have mycelia composed of filaments

Yeast

Single celled and globular fungi

Budding

Modified form of mitosis

Blastospores

Buds that form from each parent cell to form new yeast cell

Conidiospores

Asexual, non-motile fungal spores produced externally at the tips of specialized hyphae

Sporangiospores

Asexual, nonmotile spores produced inside a sac-like structure

Germination

Process in which a seed or spore wakes up from dormancy

Sporulation

Process of forming a highly resistant, dormant spores

Dimorphic

Capable of existing as a mold form and a yeast form

Candida (locations)

On the skin and in the genitourinary, respiratory, and gastrointestinal tracts

Candida (appearance)

Inflamed white patches and a characteristic white/yellow curd discharge

Pseudohyphae and Candida

Penicillium (locations)

Decaying food, plant hosts, or animal hosts in the respiratory and cutaneous sites

Penicillium (appearance)

Green with a white border

Penicillium

Dermatophytes

Fungi that infect predominantly the epidermis but can also infect hair and nails

Dermaphytosis

An infection of the hair, skin, or nails

Keratinase

Enzyme that breaks down keratin

Trichophyton (location)

Causes infection on the feet, groin, scalp, nails, and smooth skin

Trichophyton (condida)

Macro- and micro-conidia

Macro- and micro-conidia

Rhizopus

Pathogens for immunocompromised patients (causes mucormycosis)

Rhizopus (locations)

Sinuses, can travel to brain, lungs, gastrointestinal, or blood vessels based on route of entry

Which ingredient makes MSA selective? What is it selecting for?

Salt: halophiles

Which ingredients make MSA a differential media?

Mannitol and Phenol Red

____ will grow yellow on the MSA plate

Staphylococcus aureus

Why would Micrococcus luteus not grow on the MSA plate?

M. luteus is not tolerant to high salt concentrations

Growth on MSA plate =

Staphylococcus

Lack of growth on MSA plate =

Micrococcus

Coagulase is a virulence factor because

the bacteria uses the blood clot to protect itself

Fibrinogen is a(n) ___ protein

Soluble

Fibrin is a(n) ___ protein

Insoluble

Staphylococcus epidermidis coagulase test results

Negative

Staphylococcus aureus coagulase test results

Positive

Why are hemolysins considered virulence factors?

They destroy red blood cells to get the iron

___ hemolysis completely destroys red blood cells, ___ hemolysis partially destroys red blood cells

Beta; alpha

Members of Streptococcus genus are oxidase…

Negative

Can Group A and group B strep be separated?

No

What test is a good indicator to differentiate Strep A and Strep B

Bacitracin sensitivity

Streptococcus pneumoniae is ___ hemolytic. It can be separated from the other organism with the same hemolytic reaction using ____.

alpha; optochin sensitivity

Which genus is not inhibited by 6.5% salt broth?

Enterococcus

What do the selective ingredients in MacConkey agar select for?

Gram (-), Enteric

What are the ingredients that make MacConkey agar a differential medium?

Lactose, Neutral red

What two groups of bacteria can be differentiated by the utilization of the differential ingredients?

Coliforms and Lactose nonfermentors

 If you removed the ferrous sulfate from the tube, what would you no longer be able to detect?

Hydrogen Sulfide

What kind of cellular respiration is occuring with Salmonella typhimurium, and what final electron acceptor is being used?

anaerobic; thiosulphate

Phenol red detects the ___ of ___.

basicity; ammonia

Saprophytic

Organism that feeds on decaying matter

Coenocytic

Hyphae that are multinucleate

Arial Hyphae

Hyphae that bear reproductive spore

Mycelium

Main body of fungus

Arial Hyphae

Hyphae that bear reproductive spores

Systemic

Infection that spreads throughout the body

Dimorphic fungus

Mold form or yeast form depending on environment

Asexual sports produced inside of a sac

Sporangiospores

Pseudohyphae

Chains of yeast cells that don’t separate

Mitosome

Mitochondrial remnant seen in Giardia

Hydrogenosome

Mitochondrial remnant seen in Trichomonas

Axostyle

Supportive rod of microtubules seen in Trichomonas

Pseudopodia

Lobe-like cytoplasmic extensions that some protozoa can use to move and feed

Kinetoplast

Darkly staining mass of mitochondrial DNA found in some protozoa

Trophozoite

Actively feeding and reproducing stage of protozoa

Schizogony

Form of asexual reproduction that produces multiple daughter cells at once

Mixotrophic

Capable of both heterotrophy and autotrophy

Undulating membrane

Wave-like membrane attached to a flagellum seen in Trichomonas

Cyst

Dormant protective stage produced by many protozoa

Trypanosoma brucei’s infectious stage

Trypomoastigote

Plasmodium’s infectious stage

Sporozoite

Giardia intestinalis’ infectious stage

Cyst

Trichomonas vaginalis’ infectious stage

Trophozoite

Entamoeba histolytica’s infectious stage

Cyst

Leishmania’s infectious stage

Promastigote