Forces and Newton's Laws: Key Concepts and Applications
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20 Terms
Force
A push or pull
Net force
The sum of all the forces acting on an object
Friction
The force that opposes the sliding motion of two surfaces that are touching each other
Static friction
Friction that does not allow an object to move (net force is 0)
Sliding friction
Friction that opposes the motion of two surfaces sliding past each other and is caused by microwelds constantly breaking and forming as the objects slide past each other
Rolling friction
Type of static friction that causes wheels to roll
Gravity
Attractive force between any two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them
Field
Region of space that has a physical quantity (such as a force) at every point
Weight
The gravitational force exerted on an object
Balanced force
Force that does not cause motion (net force of 0)
Unbalanced force
Force that does cause an object to move (direction of the net force is in the same as the direction of the greater force)
Newton's First Law
States that an object moving at a constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity unless an unbalanced force acts on it
Inertia
The tendency of an object to resist any change in motion (depends on mass)
Newton's Second Law of Motion
An object's acceleration is in the same direction as the net force on the object and is equal to the net force exerted on it divided by mass
Newton's Third Law of Motion
When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts a force on the first that is equal in strength, and opposite in direction
Air resistance
A force that opposes an object's motion through the air
Terminal velocity
The maximum speed an object will reach while falling through a substance, such as air
Free fall
When gravity is the only force acting on an object
Centripetal force
Force exerted towards the center of a curved path
Law of Conservation of Momentum
If no external forces act on a group of objects, their total momentum does not change