Active vs Passive Immunity: Types and Examples

Active Immunity

Exposure to a pathogen triggers antibody production.

Passive Immunity

given antibodies rather than producing them.

Natural Active Immunity

Infection

Artificial Active Immunity

vaccination

Natural Passive Immunity

maternal antibodies/breastfeeding

Artificial Passive Immunity

monoclonal antibodies

innate immune system

Against foreign bodies, injuries and pathogens

adaptive immune system

Against specific pathogens or changed body cells

example examples of innate immune system

Bacteria killing substances, protection on the outside-the skin, protection on the inside- all mucous membranes, first attack in the tissue: scavenger cells

Example, examples of adaptive immune system

defense cells in the blood: B lymphocytes, antibodies, defense cells in the tissue: T lymphocytes

what kind of prevention are vaccines primary secondary or tertiary?

Primary Prevention

What is the goal of vaccines?

Induce lifelong immunity without producing illness

Vaccine adverse effects

-Local- pain, swelling, and erythema at site. Fever.

-Subclinical disease with attenuated live vaccines

-Syncope

-Anaphylaxis

-Administration considerations: allergic reaction, immunocompromised, pregnant

Kindergarten Vaccine Schedule⭐️

nursing responsibilities: vaccines

-report cases of vaccine preventable disease to local and or state DPH

-report vaccine adverse events to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS)

-national vaccine child injury act: requires vaccine information sheet to be given at every immunization

Nursing Process: Vaccines

-proper handling and storage of vaccines

-Education and screening- VIS sheets adverse reactions/side effects

-proper route site and amount for age at administration- dilutent, correct needle gauge and length, administer oral vaccines before IM/SC

-Provide distraction, minimize discomfort, and praise appropriately

-Document date, time, route, site, lot number, manufacturer, expiration, signature

-Document and report adverse reactions to VAERS

How do we increase vaccine compliance?

-education

-Reminders

-access, standing orders, review vaccine status at every visit

Vaccine Hesitancy

- MMR causes autism

- multiple vaccines overwhelm the immune system

-spacing of vaccines decreases adverse effects

-natural infection is better than immunization

-ingredients in vaccines are harmful

-VAERS data proves that vaccines are harmful