alcohol withdrawal and opioid withdrawal

addiction

persistant intense urge to engage in a behavior or use a drug that produces a natural reward but is harmful

intoxication

when in the process of using a substance to exvess

codependance

excessive emotional or physical reliance on a partner due to the addiction

withdrawal

symptoms that occur when going off a drug

tolerance

needing more of a drug to produce the same effect

tobacco withdrawal symptoms

nervousness, restless, craving, anxiety, insomnia, increased appetite, angry, depressed, cant concentrate

caffeine effects

caffeine withdrawal

tachycardia, increased alertness, flushing GI disturbances, diuresis

headache, low heartrate

cannabis risks

cannabis withdrawal symptoms

increased risk of lung cancer and respiratory disorders, paranoia

mood changes, sleep changes, brain fog, appetite changes, weight loss, anxiety, stomach pain, depression

types of inhalants

common effects

• solvents

• propellants

• thinners

• fuels

euphoria but also can cause dizziness, respiratory depression, coma, death, etc

sedative hypnotic and antianxiety meds , what are they and examples

drugs taken to decrease anxiety and cause sedation -think rich ladies in murder mysteries, or marilyn monroe

benzodiazepines

barbituates

sedative-hypnotic antianxiety meds symptoms intoxication and ovetdosing

sedation, change in loc, slurred speech, ataxia, nystgmus, N/V

treatment sedative overdose

gastric lavage

flumazenil for benzo toxicity

no antidote for barbituate toxicity

stimulants - what they are

examples

drugs that stimulate or heighten the CNS. they make you more awake and alert and hyper

• amphetamines

• cocaine

stimulants overdosing side effects

treatment/withdrawal

amphetamines: extreme cardiac conditions, could cause death. impaired judgment, hypervigilance, irritability and agitation - basically heightens you so you feel jumpy, alert, crazy. your nerves are on edge. effects are more mental - except for the heart stuff

withdrawal treatment: diazepam for agitation. possibly. then just regular care for withdrawal

Cocaine: more physical effects. tremors, shaking, dizzy, blurry vision, irritable, HTN, tachycardia, fever, chest pain

Withdrawal Treatment: no drugs needed to help with withdrawal. give diazepam for agitation, bupropion once withdrawal is done if they are depressed

long term effects of alcohol use disorder

neuropathy

myopathy (muscle pain)

heart damage

cardiomyopathy

esophagatitis,

pancreatitis

gastritis

alcoholic hepatitis

cirrhosis of the liver

leukopenia

thrombocytopenia

GI bleeding

sexual dysfunction

cancer

wernicke korsakoff syndrome (alcoholic encephalopathy followed by Korsakoff psychosis - permanent damage to the brain and memory)

symptoms of alcohol intoxication

slurred speech, nystagmus, memory impairment, bad judgment, bad motor skills, decreased LOC, respiratory arrest, death

what BAC is considered illegal for driving

0.08

• signs of alcohol withdrawal

• medically urgent complications of alcohol use

• cramping, vomiting, tremors, restlessness, insomnia, hallucinations, anxiety, tonic clonic seizures

• complications of alcohol use inclue wernickes korsikoff syndrome and alcohol withdrawal delirium

Wernike Korsikoff syndrome

wernickes encepalopathy - brain damage/neuronal atrophy due to B1 deficiency

• symptoms are ataxia, eye movement disorders, confusion, amnesia and delirium

followed by korsikoff psychosis - permanent damage to the memory center of the brain

• memory deficits, confusion, behavioral changes

signs of alcohol withdrawal delirium

medical emergency that can occur 2-3 days after last drink.

patient has disorientation, psychosis, severe HTN, dysrhythmias and death

meds for alcohol withdrawal vs alcohol addiction

meds for alcohol withdrawal: benzodiazepines like diazepam, lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide, clonidine

wheras to help stop addiction so as to begin the withdrawal process: disulfiram and naltrexone are used

they make alcohol have no effect on the body OR serious side effects

meds to help with alcohol withdrawal

benzodiazepines:

diazepam, chloradiazepoxide

— clonidine for the HT

meds for those attempting to quit

disulfaram, naltrexone

Screening tools for alcohol withdrawal

SBIRT: screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment

CAGE: Cut down (ever felt need to), Annoyed (by ppl talking about it) guilty, eye opener

CIWA: alcohol withdrawal

COWS: opioid withdrawal

what are common examples of opioids

heroin, morphine, fentanyl

signs of opioid overdose

unresponsiveness, coma, hypothermia, hypotension, slow breathing and bradycardia

meds for opioid withdrawal - those trying to quit

buprenorphine - partial opioid

methonadone - mild opioid

clonidine - acts on part of brain prone to cravings, reduces impulses and cravings

subuxone

side effects of opioid anti-addictive drugs

all are similar: nausea vomiting, cramps, constepation insomnia, irritability and fever

symptoms of opioid withdrawal

opposite of what oversdose symptoms would look like

dyspnea

shallow breathing

tingling of face and lips

pounding heartbeat

chest pain

confusion