Openstax Psychology Chapter 5

Organizing information into meaningful pattern is known as

Perception

what is the tympanic Membrane

Ear Drum

this theory states that hearing works on the belief that pitch depends on the rate of response in which neurons fire in synch with signals from sound waves.

Frequency Theory

This theory states that hearing works on the belief that different frequencies of air waves activate different locations on the basilar membrane

Place theory

You do Not constantly feel clothing on your body because of

Sensory adaptation

the perception of color is a function of

Wavelength

filling in gaps in what our senses tell us is called

Closure

the size of the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the initial stimulus is called

Difference threshold

Smell receptors send messages to the brain via the______nerve

Olfactory

The process where raw energy is converted into neural signals that are sent to the brain is called

Transduction

When we distinguish figures from the background, This is called

Figure-Ground Principle

Olfactory receptors are built so that only molecules with particular shapes will fit in particular receptors. this is described as

Lock and Key

which of the following is not part of the skins Four basic Types of sensation

Kinesthetic

When sensory information is detected by any type of sensory receptor.

Sensation

Weber's law

Just noticeable difference. what we notice varies based on the amount of stimulus in our current environment. (Dark Movie, Out in the sun)

Bottom Up processing

Perceptions built from sensory inputs

Top-Down Processing

Perceptions built from knowledge, experiences, and thoughts

Inattentional blindness

Blindness of perception due to focus on other stimuli.

Signal Detection Theory

Identifying stimuli in a distraction background due to motivations

ROYGBIV (long to short)

red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet

Frequency Is associated with which aspect of sound

Pitch

Timbre

Quality of sound and a combination of Frequency, amplitude and timing

Cornea

Transparent covering of the eye

Pupil

Light passing opening, Dilates or contracts

Iris

Colored portion of the eye

Fovea

The back part of the eye which is a small indentation which contains photoreceptors which are cones

Cones

Cones see color is bright light conditions

Rods

Low light who sees shades of grey in the remainder of the retina

Trichromatic Theory (How we see color #1)

Red, green and blue cones are combined to make all of the colors

Opponent Process theory (How We see color #2)

Color Coded in opponent pairs (black-white, yellow-blue, and green-red) (negative After images)

Depth Perception

Binocular cues (3D), Monocular (2D)

Linear Perspective

Two linear lines like the road seem to converge

Psychophysics

Study of the relationship between stimuli and our physiological response to it

Cones are most located in the _______

fovea

Optic nerve

large bundle of nerve fibers that carry impulses from the retina to the brain and is where the blind spot occurs

Gestaltian Vision Principles are

Figure-ground, Proximity, closure, continuity, and similarity

Smell associated with

Emotion (limbic system)

Gustation

taste, hairlike Tongue receptors, We have about 10,000. 10 day life cycle. Combines with smell

External Protruding portion of the ear

Pinna

Middle ear contains

Ear drums and Ossicles (malleus, innis, and stapes)

Inner ear

Cochlea (basilar membrane)

Frequency Theory

Neural impulses are stimulated

Place theory

different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencie.

different parts of basilar membrane

the base of the basilar membrane responds best to high frequencies and the tip of the basilar membrane responds best to low frequencies

Interaural

A difference between the left or right ear is level of sound or timing

conductive

Failure of vibrations

sensorineural hearing loss

Problems with transmission from cochlea to brain associated with

Skin Senses

Touch, temperature, Pain