Nurs 204 Final Exam Med Terms

Orchid/o, test/o

testes (male gonad)

Balan/o

Head of the penis

Andr/o

male

Prostat/o

prostate

Vas/o

vessel, duct

rrhaphy

To suture

Hypospadias

A condition in which the external urinary meatus (opening) opens anywhere below the tip of the penis rather than at the tip.

Hydrocele

a fluid filled sac partially surrounding the testis; can be surgically corrected

Varicocele

enlarged, dilated veins near the testicle

Cryptorchidism

state of hidden testes

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)

swelling of the prostate gland which surrounds the base of the male bladder and urethra causing difficulty urinating, dribbling, and nocturia

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

the surgical cure for BPH. An instrument inserted through the penile urethra is used to partially cut away the prostate to relieve obstruction of the urinary tract.

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

marker protein for prostate cell secretions which can be detected with a lab test. A rising PSA may be an early sign of prostate cancer, although there may be other causes including false positive tests.

Hymen

mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina

Aphrodisiac

A chemical purported to stimulate sexual desire

Venereal disease

A sexually transmitted infectious disease

Hermaphroditism

A condition where both ovarian and testicular tissue are found in the same individual

Priapism

persistent and painful erection

Satyriasis

a condition of compulsive sexual desire in men

Hyster/o, metr/

uterus

Salping/o, -salpinx

uterine tube

Colp/o

vagina

Oophor/o

ovary

Men/o

menstruation

Mamm/o, mast/o

breast

pareunia, coitus

intercourse

Endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria

Prolapsed uterus

fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening

Obstetrician

a physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and immediately thereafter

Gynecologist

A doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system

Episiotomy

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

Hysterosalpingogram

radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes

Colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

Dilation and curettage (D & C)

widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

Mammoplasty

surgical reconstruction of the breast(s) to change the size, shape, or position

Pudendal block

an anesthetic administered to block sensation around the lower vagina and perineum

gravida

pregnancy

para

Live birth

Part/o, toc/o

labor/birth/delivery

Abruptio placentae-

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall

Placenta previa

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

Eclampsia

true toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, dizziness, convulsions, and coma

Ectopic pregnancy

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

Oste/o

bone

Chondr/o

cartilage

Arthr/o

joint

myel/o

bone marrow

Ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

Ligament/o

ligament

Burs/o

bursa, sac of fluid near joint

My/o, myos/o

muscle

malacia

softening

porosis

porous

asthenia

lack of strength

trophy

Development, stimulation, maintenance

algia, algesia

pain

Arthritis

inflammation of a joint

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily.

Osteomalacia

softening of the bone

Carpal tunnel syndrome

compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist

Tendonitis

inflammation of a tendon

Rotator cuff tear

traumatic rip of one or more of the muscles or tendons within the rotator cuff of the shoulder

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Muscular dystrophy

group of hereditary diseases characterized by degeneration of muscle and weakness

Myasthenia gravis

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles

Lupus erythematosus

An autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissues of skin and joints.

Orthopaedist

"To straighten up children." Orthopaedics is a surgical subspecialty that in the past devoted much of its time to treating musculoskeletal deformities in children.

Rheumatologist

physician who specializes in the study and treatment of rheumatic diseases

Osteopath/osteopathic physician (D.O.)

Osteopathy developed an emphasis on the influence of the musculoskeletal system and its interrelationship to other body systems. D.O.s make use of osteopathic manipulation (bones, ligaments, joints) along with medication, surgery and all other medical treatments used by M.D. physicians.

Podiatrists

physicians who specialize in the care of the foot

Physical therapist

provides treatment to prevent disability or restore function through the use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

Arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint

Bone scan

uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in bone

Electromyography

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Muscle biopsy

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination

Good news terms of cancer

Benign

Low grade

Radiosensitive

No metastases

Well differentiated

Negative nodes

In remission Relapse

Surgically resectable

Bad news terms of cancer

Malignant

High grade

Radioresistant

metastases

Poorly differentiated

Positive nodes

Relapse

Inoperable

TUMOR

mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

Carcinoma

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

Sarcoma

malignant tumor of connective tissue

CAUSES OF CANCER

Any injury to DNA (the genetic code) may result in the loss of cell cycle control, leading to uninhibited cell division. Carcinogens are cancer causing agents. Broad categories include radiation, chemicals, drugs and viruses

TUMOR MARKERS

Substances that are expressed by the tumor or by normal tissue in response to a tumor.

RADIATION

Fairly low to moderate doses of radiation can cause DNA damage, which may result in the malignant transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. But, high dose radiation focused on cells can destroy the cancerous cells

CHEMOTHERAPY

treatment of cancer with drugs

SURGERY

surgery can be a complete cure for some types of tumors if done early, such as malignant melanoma (skin cancer)