Diacritics- Intro Linguistics

Lengthening

All vowels (regardless of your dialect) will be ---- when they precede a
voiced consonant. We use the --- mark (or a colon) to represent this. The -- mark goes after the vowel. If the vowel is a diphthong, the --- mark goes after the first vowel.

Nasalization

All vowels (regardless of your dialect) will be --- when they precede a
nasal consonant. We use the tilde to represent this. The tilde goes above the vowel. If the vowel is a diphthong, the tilde goes over the first vowel.

Aspiration

/p, t, k/ become --- when they are the first sound in a syllable and no other
rules apply (e.g. 'tree'). We indicate this by using a superscript 'h' immediately after the symbol.

Devoicing

Liquids and glides --- when they follow a voiceless consonant. We represent this by placing a ring under the devoiced sound. In the case of the symbol /j/, the ring in placed about it.

Dark l

When the sound /l/ is in the beginning of a syllable (i.e. syllable onset), it is clear.
When it does not, it is --.

Flapping

In a word where you have an alveolar stop /t,d/ between two vocalic elements, and the first one is stressed, the alveolar stop will be changed to a -- [ɾ]. Note that syllabic /l, ɹ, m, n/ can count as one of these vocalic elements.

[ ˌ ]

syllabicity mark

[̥ ]

voiceless

[ h ]

aspirated

[͠ ]

nasal

[ ː]

long