Global - unit 1: Ancient civilizations

* Shang Dynasty

one of the first Chinese dynasties, ruled from 1600 to 1122 B.C.E.

* Zhou Dynasty

the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced. 1027-256BCE

* Anyang

The ancient Chinese capital of the Shang dynasty.

* Zhongguo

What the Chinese called their land (means the Middle Kingdom)

* Huang He (Yellow River)

Begins in Tibet and flows east to the Yellow Sea. Named for yellow silt and nicknamed "China's Sorrow" because of flooding.

* Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land. This system of government was used by the Zhou Dynasty.

* Crops farmed during the Shang Dynasty

Wheat, rice, and soybeans

* Shang Kings

Led other noble warriors into battle. The top of the social hierarchy, and rich.

* social class system (Both Shang + Zhou Dynasties)

Kings and nobles on top, warriors, artisans and merchants, peasants and farmers on the bottom

* Public works in ancient China

Irrigation systems for farming, Dikes to control flooding, Burial tombs for nobles

* Ancient Chinese writing system

Pictographs and ideographs

* Ancient Chinese religion

Polytheistic -- worshipped the ancestors and many nature spirits and gods

* Shang Di

The chief god of the Shang dynasty

* Ancient Chinese beliefs

the Chinese believed that their ancestors could influence the gods, and that China was the center of the Earth. They also believed that their king was a link between the people and Shang Di (chief god).

* Art

During the Shang Dynasty, people carved sculptures out of bronze

* Calligraphy

Became an elegant art form

* Zhou Dynasty new jobs

ironworkers, astronomers

* Mandate of Heaven

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

* Creation of Silk

China became the largest exporter of silk. Silk was very expensive -- only royalty and nobility could afford it.

* Silk route

An overland trade route connecting Asia and the Middle East. Many luxury items such as silk came from China to Middle East along with spices from India. Controlling it was Important to empires because they could control the flow of trade and enforce taxes. A source of tax for empires that controlled portions of it.

* First books

Zhou Dynasty, bound thin strips of wood or bamboo together and characters on flat surface w/ brush and ink

* First Money

Zhou Dynasty, coins had holes in the middle and could be hung on cords or strings.

* Women

Noble women had status, however peasant women did the laborious work of tending the silkworms and making silk

* What river is this?

Huang He River

* What river is this?

Yangtze River

* What river is this?

Xi River

* What mountain range is this?

Himalayas

* What desert is this?

Gobi desert

* Which mountain range is this?

Tien Shan mountains

# Mohenjo-Daro

Largest city of the Indus Valley civilization. It was centrally located in the extensive floodplain of the Indus River. Little is known about the political institutions of Indus Valley communities, but the large-scale implies central planning. Flourished around 2000 BCE.

# Harappa

a large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan

# Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

the two main cities of india, know as twin capitals and both 3 miles in circumference. Major cities of the Indus Valley civilization; both of which flourished around 2000 B.C.E.

# public works of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system.

# Rajah

in ancient India, the elected warrior chief of an Aryan tribe

# Caste System

a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society. The caste that you were born in is the caste that you stay in.

# Sanskrit

(Hinduism) an ancient language of India (the language of the Vedas and of Hinduism). Still mostly undeciphered.

# Zebu Motif

Symbol used to represent sacred animals, family names. Signified the leader of the herd.

# Polytheistic

belief in more than one god

# Chief god

Mother goddess. The Ancient Indians believed that the first world came from a golden egg laid by the gods.

# bull

Sacred animal

# Art

created small statues and ornamental brickwork.

# Advanced culture

Merchants used a uniform system of weight and measurement. Farmers produced enough surplus food to support tens of thousands of people. Everything was well planned out and organized.

# Mound of the Dead

Mohenjo-Daro

# grid pattern

Each city was laid out in a grid pattern with rectangular blocks larger than modern-day city blocks.

# Government (Aryans)

Rajah ruled with the advice of a council of elders mde of heads of families.

# Social divisions -- Divided by occupation

On top were the Brahmins (priests), then the Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaisyas (herders, farmers, artisans, merchants), lastly the Sudras (servants)

# Mystics

people who devote their lives to seeking spiritual truth

# Vedas

Ancient Sanskrit writings that are the earliest sacred texts of Hinduism. Collections of hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals honoring the barious gods of the Aryans.

# Indra

Chief deity of the Aryans; god of war

# Architecture (Aryans)

Walled villages

# what river is this? (Dark blue)

Indus river

# Indus river civilization

# What pass is this? (Pink)

Khyber Pass

# What pass is this? (circled)

Bolan pass

# What river is this? (red)

Ganges River

# What does number 9 on the map show? (brown)

Deccan plateau

# Which mountain range is circled on the map?

Vindhya Mountains

$ Sumer

The world's first civilization, founded in Mesopotamia, which existed for over 3,000 years.

$ Assyria

a southwest Asian kingdom that controlled a large empire from about 850 to 612 B.C. This country used highly advanced military organization to acquire a large empire around 850 BC

$ Babylon

The largest and most important city in Mesopotamia. It achieved particular eminence as the capital of the king Hammurabi in the eighteenth century B.C.E. and the Neo-Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century B.C.E. (p. 29)

$ Ziggurats

temples built by Sumerians to honor the gods and goddesses they worshipped

$ City-States of Sumer

Ur, Uruk, Shurrupak

$ Job Specialization (Sumer)

Artisans who practiced the same trade, such as weavers or carpenters lived/worked on the same street.

$ social hierarchy (sumer)

Each city-state had a social hierarchy. The highest class was a ruling family, leading officials, and high priests. Middle class was artisans, scribes, merchants, and lesser priests.

$ public works - sumer

Dikes to hold back flood waters and irrigation system

$ Cuneiform

First written language- made of shapes and wedges. People recorded myths, prayers, laws, treaties, and business agreements

$ Religion (Sumer)

polytheistic. Gods were thought to control every aspect of life, especially nature. Sumerians believed in the afterlife

$ Hammurabi

Amorite ruler of Babylon (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.). He conquered many city-states in southern and northern Mesopotamia and is best known for a code of laws, inscribed on a black stone pillar, illustrating the principles to be used in legal cases.

$ Women (Assyria)

women had to be confined and wear veils when in public

$ Assyrians created the first library

$ Assyrian religion

Pleased gods by waging war

$ Hanging Gardens of Babylon

An artificial mountain covered with trees and plants, built by Nebuchadnezzar ll for his wife. The gardens are one of the Seven Wonders of the world.

$ Marduk

A Mesopotamian deity, chief god of the city of Babylon

$ Hammurabi's Code

First written code/set of laws that all were expected to obey. 282 laws that governed life in the Babylonian empire;

$ Which river is this pointing to?

Tigris River

$ Which river is this pointing to?

Euphrates river

$ What is this? (Green)

Fertile crescent/Ancient Mesopotamia

$ What desert it circled here?

Arabian desert

$ What mountain range is this?

Zagros mountains