Fluid Movement and Pharmacology Principles

This flashcard set covers fluid compartment dynamics, basic pharmacological principles including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and essential metric conversions used in medication dosage calculations.

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment, even in changing conditions.

Intracellular fluid

Fluid located within cells.

Extracellular fluid

Fluid located outside cells, which includes interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular compartments.

Interstitial fluid

Fluid located between the cells.

Intravascular fluid

Fluid located in the blood vessels.

Transcellular fluid

Also called third space.

Osmolality

The concentration of solutes in a solution, used to assess hydration status and condition.

Tonicity

Tells how a solution will affect cells, specifically whether it will cause cells to gain or lose water.

Hydrostatic Pressure

The PUSH pressure created by water in the vascular space.

Osmotic Pressure

The PULL for fluid into the vascular space created by solutes.

PO

Abbreviation for By Mouth.

SL

Abbreviation for Under the tongue (Sublingual).

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how the drug travels through the body: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Pharmaceutics

How various drug forms affect the dissolution of a drug, absorption rate, and onset of action.

Drug Half-life

The time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half.

Onset

The amount of time for a drug to produce a therapeutic response.

Peak

The point in time where a drug is at its highest level.

Duration

The amount of time for a drug to demonstrate its FULL therapeutic effect.

Trough Level

The point in time where a drug is at its lowest level.

Pharmacodynamics

The biochemical changes that occur in the body as a result of a drug.

Agonist

A drug with an active site of similar shape to the endogenous ligand that binds to the receptor and produces the same effect.

Antagonist

A drug that binds to the receptor but does not produce an effect, preventing the endogenous ligand from binding.

Kilogram (kg)

$1000\,g$ or $2.2\,lb$.

Tablespoon (Tbsp)

$3\,tsp$ or $14.79\,mL$.

Teaspoon (tsp)

$4.93\,mL$.

One inch (in.)

$2.54\,cm$ or $25.4\,mm$.