Personality Psychology Quiz 1

Personality Psychology

Analyzes people’s emotions, cognition, and behavior.

The Psychological Triad

The heart of psychology is comprised of a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

Select the answer that best describes “what you do”

Work, social activities, play

Select the answer that best describes “what you think”

World view or “construal”, values, attitudes

Select the answer that best describes “how you feel”

happiness, love, hate, fear, wants, desires

Why is Personality Psychology important?

It regards the puzzles of inconsistencies and self-knowledge between feelings, thoughts, and behaviors as worth its full attention.

Psychological conflict

When the three components of the Psychological Triad are not aligned with one another.

When patterns of psychology are unusual, extreme, and cause problems, what happens?

Personality and clinical psychology come together in the study of personality disorders.

What does personality draw from?

Social, cognitive, developmental,

clinical, and biological psychology

What is the big problem, and what is the solution?

How do we study thought, behavior, and emotion all at once, and we limit what we see.

What are the basic traits of personality? (Hint: OCEAN)

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism

Competitors vs. complements (personality)

Approaches to personality are viewed as complements to each other rather than competing because each addresses a different set of questions about psychology.

What does personality “do” or affect?

Short and long-term consequences

Trait approach

Emphasizes differences in a person’s personality and behavior.

Biological approach

Examines the effects of neuroanatomy, biochemistry, genetics, and evolution on behavior and personality

What is the relationship between mind and body?

I psychology, “body” mostly means “brain”

Evolution

The starting point for many of our psychological attributes.

Big questions: Is the mind “just” a manifestation of the body? Are people “just animals”?

Resistance to mind-body problem and resistance to the theory of evolution.

Personality processes

The mental activities of personality, including perception, thought, motivation, and emotion.

Psychoanalytical approach

Focuses on the unconscious mind

What does the psychoanalytical approach include?

Psychological conflict, the unconscious, roles and development of the mind, dreams, and defense.

Humanistic psychology

Focuses on what makes humans uniquely human.

Cultural experience

How does experience vary around the world.

Applications of personality psychology:

Relationships, business, mental health, and physical health.

Science vs. technological education

Learn methods of discovery and how to find out something new vs. learn information and how to apply it.

S-Data

A person’s evaluation of their own personality.

Face validity

When a test measures what should be measured.

Causal force: self-efficacy

Your belief in being able to do something.

Causal force: self-verification

The tendency to seek confirmation from other people regarding who you are.

Fish-and-water effect

Failing to recognize noticeable characteristics because they are so familiar.

I-data

Judgement by informants.

L-Data

The residue of personality.

B-Data

Behavioral observations.

Behavioroid

Participants report what they think they would do in a lab.

Personality tests

Most provide S-data.

Personality tests: Projective tests

The person may or may not be aware of the inner processes

Personality tests: Objective tests

Questions seem more objective and less open to interpretation.

Methods of Objective Test Construction: Rational

Based on theory, but sometimes less systematic.

Rational method

Write items that seem directly, obviously, and rationally related to what is to be measured

Factor analysis

A statistical technique that identifies groups of things that seem to have something in common

Empirical method

Identify items based on how people in preidentified groups respond.

Reliability

Repeatability

True score theory

Measurement = True score + error

Construct validity

Does the measure really measure what it’s supposed to measure?

Predictive validity

Does the scale predict outcomes we think it should?

The Replication Crisis

Observation that in many areas of psychology, findings do not replicate.

Publication bias

Only significant findings get published, which then makes it seem like findings are stronger / more replicable than they really are

Questionable Research Practices

engaging in research practices that make it more likely you will have significant results

P-hacking

analyzing data in various ways until you get a significant result

HARKing

hypothesizing after the results are known

Generalizability

Does the association between conscientiousness and grades generalize across demographic groups, region, country, etc?

Open Science

n response to the replicability and generalizability crises…