Bones and Bone Tissue Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts related to bones and bone tissue, including definitions of important terms, hormonal functions, conditions affecting bone health, and types of bones.

What are bones classified as?

Bones are classified as living tissues and organs that constantly remodel.

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in calcium regulation?

Parathyroid hormone stimulates osteoclast activity to increase calcium levels in the blood when calcium levels are low.

What hormone is secreted when calcium levels are too high?

Calcitonin hormone is secreted by the parafollicular cells in the thyroid gland to decrease blood calcium levels.

What are osteoclasts?

Osteoclasts are cells that break down bone tissue.

What happens to bone strength during mechanical stress?

Bone increases its strength by altering its deposition of mineral salts and collagen fibers in response to mechanical stress.

What is osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased bone mass and density, resulting in porous bones.

What are some risk factors for developing osteoporosis?

Risk factors include being white, thin, menopausal, smoking, drinking, female, having a family history, and low body fat in athletes.

What is the importance of vitamin D for bone health?

Vitamin D helps with the absorption of calcium from the diet, which is essential for maintaining bone density.

What is the condition called when there is a deficiency of vitamin D in children?

Rickets.

What are the five basic types of bones?

Long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones.

What are fontanels?

Fontanels are connective tissue membranes between the cranial bones of fetuses and young infants, also known as soft spots.

What are some functions of the paranasal sinuses?

They act as resonating chambers for the voice and lighten the skull.

How many named bones are in the human skeleton?

There are 206 named bones in the human skeleton.

What are bone markings?

Bone markings are structures such as bumps, holes, and projections on bones that provide attachment sites for muscles, ligaments, and tendons.

What is craniosynostosis?

Craniosynostosis is a condition where the bones of the skull fuse too early, preventing the brain from growing properly.

What are the two main regions of the skeletal system?

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Which is the only movable bone of the skull?

The mandible, or lower jaw.