SAS 7 | Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

…… is a series of consecutive biochemical reactions used to convert a starting material into an end product, which is either linear or cyclic.
A. Metabolic pathway
B. Catabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Metabolism

A. Metabolic pathway

…… is the sum total of all the biochemical reactions that take place in a living organism.
A. Digestion
B. Metabolism
C. Glycolysis
D. Photosynthesis

B. Metabolism

…… are metabolic reactions in which small biochemical molecules are joined together to form larger ones.
A. Catabolism
B. Metabolism
C. Anabolism
D. Digestion

C. Anabolism

…… are metabolic reactions in which large biochemical molecules are broken down to smaller ones.
A. Synthesis
B. Anabolism
C. Reduction
D. Catabolism

D. Catabolism

Anabolism is a metabolic process that …… energy.
A. Consumes
B. Releases
C. Creates
D. Destroys

A. Consumes

Catabolism is a metabolic process that …… energy.
A. Absorbs
B. Releases
C. Consumes
D. Stores

B. Releases

The synthesis of proteins is an example of …… .
A. Catabolism
B. Oxidation
C. Anabolism
D. Digestion

A. Catabolism

The oxidation of glucose is an example of …… .
A. Metabolism
B. Anabolism
C. Synthesis
D. Catabolism

B. Anabolism

…… is a cell in which the DNA is found in a membrane-enclosed nucleus.
A. Eukaryotic cell
B. Prokaryotic cell
C. Bacterial cell
D. Virus

A. Eukaryotic cell

The …… is the site for DNA replication and RNA synthesis.
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Ribosome

B. Nucleus

The …… acts as the cellular boundary.
A. Cell wall
B. Nucleus
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm

C. Plasma membrane

The …… is the water-based material that lies between the nucleus and the outer membrane of the cell.
A. Ribosome
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosome
D. Cytoplasm

D. Cytoplasm

The …… generates most of the energy for a cell.
A. Mitochondria
B. Ribosome
C. Nucleus
D. Lysosome

A. Mitochondria

The …… contains hydrolytic enzymes needed for cellular rebuilding, repair, and degradation.
A. Mitochondria
B. Lysosome
C. Ribosome
D. Nucleus

B. Lysosome

The …… is the site for protein synthesis.
A. Lysosome
B. Cytoplasm
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria

C. Ribosome

The …… of the mitochondria is 50% lipid and 50% protein and is freely permeable to small molecules.
A. Inner membrane
B. Matrix
C. Cristae
D. Outer membrane

D. Outer membrane

The …… of the mitochondria is about 20% lipid and 80% protein and is highly impermeable to most substances.
A. Inner membrane
B. Outer membrane
C. Intermembrane space
D. Matrix

A. Inner membrane

The interior region of the mitochondria is called the …… .
A. Cristae
B. Matrix
C. Cytoplasm
D. Intermembrane space

B. Matrix

The region between the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria is the …… .
A. Matrix
B. Cristae
C. Intermembrane space
D. Cytoplasm

C. Intermembrane space

The inner membrane of the mitochondria folds into …… to increase surface area.
A. Ribosomes
B. Vesicles
C. Matrix
D. Cristae

D. Cristae

…… are small spherical knobs attached to cristae and serve as the site for ATP synthesis.
A. ATP synthase complexes
B. Ribosomes
C. Lysosomes
D. Nuclei

A. ATP synthase complexes

…… is the net energy produced used for cellular reactions.
A. NAD
B. ATP
C. FAD
D. GTP

B. ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

…… is a coenzyme required for redox reactions and is a derivative of Vitamin B2.
A. NAD
B. NADH
C. FAD
D. ATP

C. FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide), (FAD+ is oxidized form, FADH2 is the reduced form)

…… active portion is -SH (sulfhydryl group) or as ……-SH, and is a derivative of Vit. B5
A. NAD
B. CoA
C. ATP
D. FAD

B. CoA (Coenzyme A)

…… is a coenzyme required for redox reactions and is a derivative of Vitamin B3.
A. ATP
B. GTP
C. FAD
D. NAD

D. NAD (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), (NAD+ Oxidized form, NADH reduced form)

…… is stage 1 of the biochemical process by which food molecules, through hydrolysis, are broken down into simpler chemical units.
A. Digestion
B. Anabolism
C. Respiration
D. Fermentation

A. Digestion

Digestion begins in the …… because saliva contains starch-digesting enzymes.
A. Stomach
B. Mouth
C. Small intestine
D. Esophagus

B. Mouth

Digestion continues in the …… where gastric juices are present.
A. Small intestine
B. Liver
C. Stomach
D. Mouth

C. Stomach

Digestion is completed in the …… , which contains the majority of digestive enzymes and bile salts.
A. Large intestine
B. Stomach
C. Mouth
D. Small intestine

D. Small intestine

…… are the end products of digestion for carbohydrates.
A. Fatty acids and glycerol
B. Acetyl CoA
C. Amino acids
D. Glucose and other monosaccharides

D. Glucose and other monosaccharides

…… are the end products of digestion for proteins.
A. Monosaccharides
B. Amino acids
C. Fatty acids
D. Acetyl groups

B. Amino acids

…… and glycerol are the end products of digestion for fats and oils.
A. Amino acids
B. Glucose
C. Fatty acids
D. Proteins

C. Fatty acids

Stage 2 of biochemical energy production is the reaction in the …… for glucose metabolism.
A. cytosol
B. nucleus
C. mitochondria
D. ribosome

A. cytosol

Stage 2 of biochemical energy production is the reaction in the …… for fatty acid metabolism.
A. lysosome
B. mitochondria
C. plasma membrane
D. cytosol

B. mitochondria

The end product of Stage 2 (Acetyl group formation) is …… .
A. pyruvate
B. glucose
C. Acetyl CoA
D. citrate

C. Acetyl CoA

Primary products of Stage 2 are …… (which become attached to coenzyme A to give acetyl CoA) and the reduced coenzyme NADH.
A. 6-carbon units
B. 3-carbon units
C. 4-carbon units
D. 2-carbon acetyl units

D. 2-carbon acetyl units

Stage 3, known as the Citric Acid Cycle, occurs in the …… .
A. mitochondria
B. cytoplasm
C. nucleus
D. ribosome

A. mitochondria

In the 3rd stage of energy production, …… are oxidized to produce CO2 (which we exhale during breathing) and energy.
A. glucose molecules
B. Acetyl groups
C. amino acids
D. fatty acids

B. Acetyl groups

Some of the energy released in Stage 3 is carried by the reduced coenzymes …… to the fourth stage.
A. ATP and GTP
B. NAD+ and FAD
C. NADH and FADH2
D. ADP and GDP

C. NADH and FADH2

Stage 4 of biochemical energy production involves THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND …… which occurs in the mitochondria.
A. GLYCOLYSIS
B. FERMENTATION
C. ANABOLISM
D. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

D. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

In Stage 4, NADH and FADH2 are …… to release H+ and electrons.
A. oxidized
B. reduced
C. hydrated
D. decarboxylated

A. oxidized

During Stage 4, electrons are transferred to molecular O2, inhaled via breathing, and O2 is reduced to …… .
A. CO2
B. H2O
C. H2O2
D. O3

B. H2O

During Stage 4, H+ reenter the mitochondrial matrix and drive the …… reaction to produce ATP.
A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Citrate synthase
C. ATP synthase
D. Fumarase

C. ATP synthase

During Stage 4, …… molecules are the primary energy carriers in metabolic pathways.
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Glucose
D. ATP

D. ATP

THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE is the series of biochemical reactions in which the acetyl portion of …… is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
A. acetyl CoA
B. pyruvate
C. oxaloacetate
D. malate

A. acetyl CoA

During the Citric Acid Cycle, the reduced coenzymes …… and NADH are produced.
A. ATP
B. FADH2
C. GTP
D. ADP

B. FADH2

The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the …… , after its discoverer, Hans Adolf Krebs.
A. Calvin cycle
B. Boyle cycle
C. Krebs cycle
D. Nitrogen cycle

C. Krebs cycle

The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the …… Cycle, in reference to the three carboxylate groups present in citric acid.
A. Dicarboxylic Acid
B. Monocarboxylic Acid
C. Polycarboxylic Acid
D. Tricarboxylic Acid

D. Tricarboxylic Acid

…… is the rate limiting enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle.
A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase
B. Citrate synthase
C. Aconitase
D. Fumarase

A. Isocitrate dehydrogenase

One turn of the Citric Acid Cycle results in the production of 2 moles of CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH, and …… GTP.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A. 1

The total energy yield is …… ATP per acetyl CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle.
A. 10
B. 12
C. 30
D. 32

B. 10

The …… is a series of biochemical reactions in which electrons and hydrogen ions from NADH and FADH2 are passed to carriers.
A. Citric Acid Cycle
B. Electron Transport Chain
C. Glycolysis
D. Digestion

B. Electron Transport Chain

In the Electron Transport Chain, electrons and hydrogen ions ultimately react with molecular oxygen to produce …… NADH and FADH2 are oxidized in this process.
A. carbon dioxide
B. ozone
C. water
D. hydrogen peroxide

C. water

According to the VILEORA mnemonic, oxidation is the …… of oxygen, and …… of both electrons and hydrogen ion
A. Gain; Loss
B. Loss; Gain
C. Sharing
D. Storage

A. Gain; Loss

According to the VDGEROA mnemonic, reduction is the …… of oxygen, and …… of both electrons and hydrogen ion.
A. Gain; Loss
B. Loss; Gain
C. Sharing
D. Storage

B. Loss; Gain

COMPLEX I of the electron transport chain is also known as …… .
A. Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
B. Cytochrome reductase
C. Cytochrome c oxidase
D. NADH-coenzyme Q reductase

D. NADH-coenzyme Q reductase

COMPLEX II of the electron transport chain is also known as …… .
A. Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
B. NADH dehydrogenase complex
C. ATP synthase
D. Cytochrome reductase

A. Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase

COMPLEX III of the electron transport chain is also known as …… .
A. NADH oxido-reductase
B. Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase
C. Cytochrome c oxidase
D. ATP synthase

B. Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase

COMPLEX IV of the electron transport chain is also known as …… .
A. NADH dehydrogenase
B. Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase
C. Cytochrome c oxidase
D. ATP synthase

C. Cytochrome c oxidase

Complex IV is a …… containing complex in the electron transport chain.
A. magnesium and calcium
B. iron and sulfur
C. zinc and sodium
D. heme and copper

D. heme and copper

COMPLEX V is the …… (for Oxidation phosphorylation).
A. ATP SYNTHASE COMPLEX
B. NADH dehydrogenase complex
C. Cytochrome reductase
D. Succinate dehydrogenase complex

A. ATP SYNTHASE COMPLEX