Native American History Test 3

In what order did treaties with Native Americans usually happen?

1. Land

2. Transit

3. Truce

Indian Appropriations Act

This act made Natives no longer independent nations in the eyes of the U.S. but wards instead.

Homestead Act

Males head of household could get 160 acres of land, work it, and they were granted the land permanently

Reconstruction Treaties

Treaties designed to punish the natives who fought with the confederates NOT the confederate states

What led to the mass migration by whites to the west?

The Homestead Act, the civil war ending slavery allowed for new states to form, gold, rich kids wanting to get their own.

What battle turned Grant’s position on Natives from one of peace to one of total annihilation?

The Battle of Greasy Grass.

Dawes-sevarlty Act

This act broke tribes up to several different plots of land and gave it to males of household. This stripped tribes control of their reservations. The land taken from the Natives were sold to the Americans or given to business interests.

Who started the Ghost Dance religion?

Wovoka

What was the Ghost Dance Religion?

It was a spiritual movement that preached if Natives returned to their original way of life, and got rid of the white man traditions, then they will leave, the dead will come back, and Natives will live in peaceful unity. The movement invovled dancing around in a circle. There was also the belief that the ghost dance shirt stopped bullets.

What ended the Ghost Dance religion?

The Battle of Wounded Knee

What kind of Indian represents the quintessential native group to the U.S. and Hollywood?

The plains indians.

Which Plains Indian tribes had the largest amount of horses?

The comanche.

What animal was believed to be a “gift” from the Great Spirit?

The Buffalo

What parts of the Buffalo were used for what?

Buffalo dung (?) was used for fuel, and coming of age smoking practices.

Hides were used for containers, shields, drums, boots, housing, and dolls

The tail was made into a whip.

The hair was used for headdresses

Brains were used in the preparation of the hide.

Bones were used for weapons, tools, dice, and sleds.

The skull was used for ceremonial purposes

The tongue was a delicacy

Hooves were used for glue

How long did the horse culture last for the plains Indians after their introduction?

About 150 years.

What made buffalo hunting a lot less dangerous and easier?

Horses.

What were buffalo seen as by the whites?

There were seen as an obstacle.

What wiped out 90% of tribes?

Diesease

What was the common style of house for the plains Indians?

Tipis.

Who were the two main allies of the Lakota?

Arapaho and the Cheyenne

What battles were the northern Cheyenne apart of in the Sioux (Lakota) war?

Battle of Bozeman Trail, Little Bighorn during the Sioux uprising, and suffered multiple setbacks after little Bighorn.

Why were the Texas Rangers formed?

To control the Comanche.

What was the U.S.’s last major encounter with the Comanche?

Red River War of 1874-1875 also referred to as the Buffalo war. This is due to the fact the war started with the threat of the extinction of the buffalo and the natives very way of life.

What was the purpose of the First Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851?

To grant settlers safe travels along the Oregon Trail.

What was the problem at the center of Red Cloud’s war?

The Bozeman Trail was the heart and center of Red Cloud’s war.

What was the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868?

Officials would abandon the Bozeman post in excahnge for a cessesion of raids.

What essentially ended the Native Resistance?

Teh massacre at wounded knee.

The Dawes Act

Turning Natives into Farmers.

Who was General Custer?

He was a civil war hero for leading a massacre on a sleeping Native American village and killing many women and children. He led the force at the Battle of the GreasyGrass

May 10th 1869

The Trans Continental Railroad was completed.

What were the numbers of the soldiers in the Battle of the GreasyGras?

Custer had about 600 men.
The natives had about 2000

How did General Custer split his men?

One group went to the south, one stayed as a reserve, and Custer went east.

What were the traits o the Native American Force at Greasy Grass?

They were on foot, they knew the area, and they had worse weapons, but were super proficient with them.

Last Stand Hill

Where most of Custer’s men, and Custer himself died.

Custner’s defeat underscored what weakness about the U.S.

1. Cult of Personality

2. Narcissim.

What were the notable Nort West Indian Wars?

The Caus war

River War

Modock War

Nespars War

The Caus War

Virtually ended the Caus people

The Modock war

Took place in Souther California and present day Oregon. Leader “Captain Jack” escaped a reservation and he and 100 native warrior held out for several days. He was hanged once captured.

Nespors War

Chief Joseph refused to give up his home land. He led 800 Nespors over 1000 miles to Canada over mondern day Yellowstone and was a day out from reaching Canada before being captured by British troops.

What did the Pueblo Tribe do?

Watered their crops with canals, and were highly civilized.

Who were the Pueblo raided by?

The Apache and the Navajo

What did the Navajo live in?

Hogans

What didt the Appache live in?

Wikiups

What was food like for the Great Basin Culture area?

Very sparse with Natives eating seeds, nuts, berries, root, grubs, and birds.

What kind of food was eaten by the natives of the Plateau Culture area?

Bitterroot, lily, wild carrots, and wild onions.