history unit 4 i think

king henry

couldn’t get anulled from catherine because pope leo x was scared of her parents (where queen and king of spain) so he made his own church (the Church of england) so that he could be head of church and gov, super against martin luther, defended attacks from him and was named defender of faith by pope leo x

jhon calvin

a protestant who created calvinism. this included the concept of predestination, he heavily influenced puritanism

glorious revolution

protestants where scared of king james because he was giving so much power to catholics. william 3 and mary 2 took over and james fled. This led to parliment gaining more power over the monarchy.

heliocentric model

created by nicholas capernicus. controversial because it says that the sun is the center of the universe instead of earth (but God made the earth so the believe that earth was the center was the “right” opinion and it would add question to where heaven would go

jacobins

a bourgeoise political group created by dividing and creating a republic split into radicals and moderates. The radicals took control of gov in 1793 led by Jean Paul Marat and Maximilien Robespierre and began the reign of terror by executing threats/enemies

petition of rights

issued in response to parliments attempt to weaken authority, no taxing without parliments consent, no imprisonment without consent, no quartering soldiers, and no martial law during peacetime.

bourgeoise

educated and englightened ideas but wanted laws that prevented unfair taxes on land and other things.

oliver cromwell

also hated parliment and was named defender of the commonwealth of england for his defiance.