Tissue: The Living Fabric Part D

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering nervous and muscle tissues, tissue trauma and repair, and the developmental germ layers.

Nervous Tissue

Tissue composed of branching neurons and nonirritable supporting cells; functions to transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Neurons

Branching cells with cell processes extending from a nucleus-containing cell body, specialized to transmit electrical signals.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue consisting of long, cylindrical, multinucleate cells with obvious striations that initiates and controls voluntary movement.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Muscle tissue composed of branching, striated, uninucleate cells interdigitating at intercalated discs; found in the heart walls to propel blood into circulation.

Intercalated discs

Specialized interlocking junctions where cardiac muscle cells interdigitate.

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Sheets of spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei and no striations; found in hollow organ walls to propel substances like foodstuffs or urine along internal passageways.

Peristalsis

The process by which smooth muscle propels substances along internal passageways.

Inflammation

A response to tissue trauma characterized by dilation of blood vessels, increase in vessel permeability, redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Granulation tissue

The tissue that replaces a blood clot during the organization phase of tissue repair to restore blood supply.

Regeneration

A mechanism of tissue repair where surface epithelium grows back and the scab detaches.

Fibrosis

Repair by the formation of fibrous connective tissue that matures to resemble adjacent tissue or results in scar tissue.

Primary germ layers

The $3$ layers of cells (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) formed early in embryonic development that specialize to form the $4$ primary tissues.

Ectoderm

The primary germ layer from which nervous tissue and some epithelial tissues arise.

Mesoderm

The primary germ layer from which muscle, connective tissue, endothelium, mesothelium, and some epithelial tissues arise.

Endoderm

The primary germ layer from which most mucosae and some epithelial tissues arise.