Filipino Cultural Characteristics and Health Care Beliefs and Practices

Purnell 2005

“Totality of socially transmitted pattern of thoughts, values, meanings, and beliefs”

Fisher 1996

It is not limited to any specific ethnic group, geographical area, language, religious belief, manner of clothing, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic status

Tan 2008

“Culture is inscribed in our bodies and in our minds”

Archipelago Stats

7,107 Islands

175 Ethnolinguistic groups

Cultural Awareness

-A prerequisite prior to achieving cultural competency.

“It is the understanding that a cultural divide exists between the patient and health professional”

-1st step towards gaining intercultural competences

Cultural Competence

Also known as cultural responsiveness, cultural awareness, and cultural sensitivity

“Refers to a person’s ability to interact effectively with persons of cultures different from his/ her own”

Cultural Competence in Health Care

a set of behaviors and attitudes held by clinicians that allows them to communicate effectively with patients of various cultural backgrounds and to plan for and provide care that is appropriate to the culture and to the individual

Key Aspect of Nursing Practice

Health

In a state of balance

Balance

Also referred to as Timbang and relates to hot and cold shifts and diet. When there are too many hot and cold shifts, then the person may become ill

-Balance disrupted= person becomes ill & sudden change in weather

Illness

The body being out of balance which usually pertains to a rapid change in hot and cold

Mystical Theory

if there are unfulfilled obligations from ancestors then this could result in mystical experiences and behaviors. It also goes as far to say that during sleep the soul can be lost or if you are having nightmares then they are often the result of consuming a heavy meal and it could eventually lead to death

Personalistic Theory

evil spirits or witches seeking retribution or social punishment can cause illness. This theory can be protected by wearing religious objects or using holy oil

Naturalistic Theory

stress, infection, food and drugs, and natural events such as thunder, lightning, and drafts are all causes of illness

Namamana

Inheritance

Lihi

Cravings (conception or maternal)

Pasma

Hot and cold syndrome

Sumpa and Gaba

Curse

Namaligno

Mystical and supernatural causes

Kaloob ng Diyos

God’s will

Traditional forms of Self-medication

1. Folk healing techniques

2. Alternative therapy

3. Home remedies

4. Hilot

Bulong

whispered prayers

Orasyon

recited or written prayers

Albularyo

a practitioner who uses a combination of modalities: herbalism, prayers, incantations, and mysticism, similar to a shaman.

Manghihilot

traditional midwife, but it can be performed by a man. Just like massage therapists nowadays, people pay for manghihilot to relax themselves.

Cupping therapy

Ventosa or suction cupping involves special heated cups that form a seal or vacuum to help ease sore muscles. It is a common practice in other areas of Asia, such as China.

Tuob

(boiling) ritual involves the sick person wrapped in a blanket or cloth, sitting over a jar heated by coal, or hovering above a steaming pot. The healer rubs essential oils over the heated patient and chants a healing mantra.

Mangtatawas

Performed by most alternative healers that serves in providing clues as to the nature and cause of the illness

Babaylan

Mediums are believed to possess extraordinary powers to cure sickness, to exorcise evil spirits from the rice fields, or out of the human body, and to intercede with good spirits for the petitions of the people

Flushing

The body is thought to be a vessel or container that collects and eliminates impurities through physiological processes such as sweating, vomiting, expelling gas, or having an appropriate volume of menstrual bleeding.

Heating

Adapts the concept of balance between “hot” and “cold” to prevent occurrence of illness and disorders

Protection

Safeguards the body’s boundaries from outside influences such as supernatural and natural forces

Tiyaga

the ability to tolerate uncertain situations

Patience and Endurance

Lakas ng loob

being respectful and honest with oneself

Flexibility

Tatawanan and problema

the capacity to laugh at oneself in times of adversity (humor)

Bahala na

The view that illness and suffering are the unavoidable and predestined will of God, in which the patient, family members and even the physician should not interfere

Fatalistic Resignation

Pakikisama

to maintain group harmony

Conceding to the wishes of the collective

Devastating shame

hiya

Amor propio

sensitivity to criticism

Nursing

described as both an art and a science; a heart and a mind. At its heart, lies a fundamental respect for human dignity and an intuition for a patient’s needs.

Values

principles that allow us to guide our behavior to fulfill ourselves as individuals. They are fundamental beliefs that help us prefer, accept and choose one thing over another or a behavior over another

Nurse’s fourfold responsibility

health promotion, illness prevention, restoration of health, alleviation of suffering, self-determination and autonomy

Nurses and People

respect of patient’s values, customs, beliefs, dignity

Nurse and practice

competency, accountability, continuing learning maintenance of standards of professional conduct

Nurse and Society

collaborative action and work

Nurse and Co-workers

Co-operation and collaborative work

Nurses and the Profession

Advocacy, professional competence, licensing, maintenance of professional standards

The principle of optimacy

maintenance of competence in practice

Core Values

1. Love of God and Country

2. Caring

3. Quality and Excellence

4. Integrity

5. Collaboration

Policies and Standard for BSN

CHED Memorandum Order No. 14 Series of 2009

The Nursing Codes of Ethics

informs the public about the minimum standards of the profession and helps them understand professional nursing conduct, provide a sign of the profession’s commitment to the public it serves and remind nurses of the special responsibility they assume when caring for the sick.

The Florence Nightingale Pledge

reminds nurses the obligations and responsibilities that should be carried out in the performance of their duty