amount of substance flashcards

Mole

A mole represents 6.02 × 10²³ particles.

Molar mass formula

The formula relating moles to mass: n = m/M, where n is moles, m is mass, and M is molar mass.

Molar Gas Volume

At room temperature and pressure, 1 mole of gas occupies 24 dm³.

Empirical formula

The simplest ratio of elements in a compound.

Molecular formula

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Calculating Molecular Formula

Molecular formula = (Molecular mass / Empirical mass) × empirical formula.

Mass Calculations in Stoichiometry

Use moles = mass / molar mass to calculate mass.

Concentration formula

Concentration = moles / volume (dm³).

Gas Volume Calculation

Volume (dm³) = moles × 24.

Ideal Gas Equation

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is moles, R = 8.314, and T is temperature in Kelvin.

Key Assumptions of Ideal Gas

Gas particles have negligible volume and no intermolecular forces.

Percentage Yield Formula

Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100.

Atom Economy Formula

Atom economy = (Mass of desired product / Mass of all reactants) × 100.

High Atom Economy

High atom economy signifies efficient and environmentally friendly reactions.

Green Chemistry

Optimizing atom economy to reduce waste and improve sustainability.