Endocrine Glands Pt. 1

Endocrine Glands Pt. 1

Where is the pituitary gland located?

On the underside of the brain.

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Anterior pituitary and Posterior pituitary.

Why is the pituitary called the "master gland"?

Because it controls many other glands in the body. 

What does TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) do? 

Causes the thyroid to produce thyroxine. 

What does ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) do?

Stimulates the adrenal glands.

What does Growth Hormone (GH) do? 

Stimulates growth in bones and muscles.

What does MSH (Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone) do? 

Stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin. 

Name the two Gonadotropins and their general function.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) . 

Function: Stimulate release of sex hormones and egg/sperm production. 

What does Prolactin (PRL) do?

Stimulates production of breast milk.

What does ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone / Vasopressin) do?

Increases water retention in kidneys, decreasing urine production.

What does Oxytocin (OT) do?

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and promotes release of breast milk. 

Where is the hypothalamus located?

Just above the pituitary gland.

What is the main function of the hypothalamus regarding the endocrine system?

To control the pituitary gland through hormonal and neural stimulation.

List three functions controlled by the hypothalamus.

· Body temperature regulation 

· Regulation of food intake 

· Thirst control 

· Sleep/wake cycles 

· Emotional response center 

· Control of brain stem & spinal cord 

Where is the pineal gland located and what shape is it?

Near the cerebellum; cone-shaped.

What is the main secretion of the pineal gland?

Melatonin. 

What does melatonin regulate?

Sleep and wake cycles (rises and falls during day and night).

Which three glands are located within the brain?

Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, and Hypothalamus.