Non fatal offences

Words can ammount to an assult

R v Constanza

Silent phonecalls can be an assult

R v Ireland

Slight touch can ammount to a battery

Collins v Wilcock

Touching clothes can be a battery

R v Thomas

indirect battery

DDP v K

poured acid in a hand dryer

"ordinary jostling" in everyday life (like bumping into someone on a crowded train) is not a battery because there is implied consent to the physical contact of daily life.

Wilson v Pringle

it only matters that the victim feared immediate force even if treat wasnt real

Logdon v DPP

Any hurt/injury that interferes with the health and comfort of the vitctim is ABH

R v Miller

Loss of consciousnes ammounts to ABH

T v DDP

DPP v Smith

ABH includes damage to a persons hair

A wound must break 2 layers of skin

JJC v Eisenhower

GBH means “really serious harm”

DPP v Smith

Serious psychiatric harm can ammount to GBH

R v Burstow

R v Smith

Immediate was defined as the victim not knowing what the defendant will do next.

actus reus and mens rea of s.20

wounding or inflicting GBH

intention or recklessness as to causing some harm

actus reus and mens rea of s.18

wounding or causing GBH

Intention to cause GBH or resist/prevent arrest

intention to wound is not enough for mens rea of s.18

R v Taylor

In s.20 there is no requirement for D to intend or be reckless about inflicting a wound or GBH

R v Pamenter

indirect intention test- Woolin

The reasonable person could foresee GBH was virtually certain to occur from such actions and the defendant realised this

inflict gbh

Actus reus of s.20

cause gbh

Actus reus of s.18

A combination of injuries can be GBH

Brown and Stratton