Physics topics for e-assessment

Force

A push or pull that can start motion, stop movement, or change direction.

Motion

The act of changing position over time measured by speed and direction.

Newton's First Law of Motion

An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass; represented by the formula $F = ma$.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Energy Transfer

The movement of energy from one object to another.

Magnetic Field

The invisible area surrounding a magnet.

Magnet Properties

Magnets have two poles; opposite poles attract and like poles repel.

Electric Circuits

Pathways for electricity to flow, likened to a loop road.

Parts of a Circuit

Includes Battery (provides energy), Wire (path for electricity), and Light Bulb (utilizes energy to produce light).

Wave

A method of energy transmission through space or matter.

Transverse Waves

Particles move up and down while the wave moves forward (e.g., ocean waves).

Longitudinal Waves

Particles move back and forth in the same direction as the wave (e.g., sound waves).

Sound Propagation

Sound travels as vibrations through the air detected by the ear.

Reflection

Occurs when waves bounce off surfaces (e.g., light reflecting off a mirror).

Refraction

The bending of waves as they enter a new material (e.g., a straw appearing bent in water).

Diffraction

The spreading out of waves after passing through a narrow opening.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Comprises various forms of energy, including Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared Waves, Visible Light, Ultraviolet Rays, X-rays, and Gamma Rays.

Energy Forms in Electromagnetic Spectrum

All waves in the electromagnetic spectrum move through space as energy.