Cell Bio: Chapter 17

what is affected if growth factors are not available

G1

where are the check points

g1, s, g2, and mitosis

what kinds of check points are there

DNA damage and spindle assembly

mitonic promotions factor (MPF)

responsible for regulating the g2 to M

what does the dimer of MPF consist of

Cyclin B and Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (cdk1)

Cdk1s are regulated by

cyclins, phosphorylation, and cdk inhibitors

growth factors stimulate proliferation by

inducing synthesis of D cyclins

what are the types of D-cyclins

Cdk4 and Cdk6

What phase are D-cyclins in

G1

Cdk 4 and 6 become substrates for

protein Rb

cdk2 and cyclin e complex initiates

DNA replication

Cdc25 phosphatases inhibit

cell cycle progression

g1 checkpoint is mediated by

p53 in mammal cells

what synthesizes the inhibitor p21

p53

M phase is initiated by

activation of cdk1/cyclin b, aurora, and pololike kinases

DQ: what is the mitotic protein kinases made of

cdk/cyclin b, aurora, and pololike kinases are activated in a positive loop at the onset of M phase

DQ: what are the outcomes

chromatin condensation, nuclear envolope breakdown, fragmentation of golgi apparatus, spindle formation

APC/C is inhibited by spindle assembly checkpoint until

all chromosomes are lined up properly on the spindle