Bio Chapter 1

Which four are part of transcription, not translation?

a. mRNA

b. Ribosomes

c. Free nucleotides

d. DNA

e. RNA polymerase

ACDE

(1.2) Why do we need microscopes? (select all that apply)

a. Microscopes make data seem more sciencey

b. We cannot learn anything about biology without microscopes

c. Some components of biological systems are too small to see without microscopes

d. Some components of biological systems need to be labeled in order to see them

CD

(1.4) Which of the following are found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? (select all that apply)

a. Ribosomes

b. Membrane bound nucleus

c. Endoplasmic reticulum

d. Mitochondria

e. Cytosol

AE

(1.4) Which of the following components is described correctly? (select all that apply)

a. Nuclei contain DNA and are where replication occurs

b. The cytoskeleton holds components in place or moves them

c. Endosomes are where proteins destined for exocytosis are synthesized

d. Mitochondria transform energy into ATP

e. Ribosomes are in the cytosol

ABDE

(1.2) Which type of microscopy is correctly matched to its features? (select all that apply)

a. Light microscopy- resolution very small (1 um, membranes and ribosomes)

b. Fluorescence microscopy- dyes added that label components

c. Transmission electron microscopy- live cells, movement

d. Scanning electron microscopy- fine details of surfaces

BD

(1.4) Unlike prokaryotes, only eukaryotes:

a. are single-celled

b. can be multicellular or single-celled

c. have a plasma memebrane

d. are all multicellular

B

(1.4) In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes

a. can restrict where enzymes are located to allow specialization of organelles

b. are absent so that all the enzymes can interact with all the molecules in the cytosol

c. create visible borders only and do not limit where molecules are located in cells

d. surround the nucleus and Golgi, but all other organelles function without membranes

A

(1.4) The cytosol of a cell

a. is packed full of many copies of many types of molecules and they are constantly moving

b. is packed full of so many molecules that the molecules hold each other in place without moving much

c. is mostly water molecules with one or two copies of each other type of macromolecule

d. is mostly empty space with one or two copies of each type of macromolecule

A

(1.2) Which of the following would need a light microscope to see, but would not need an electron microscope to see?

a. A ganglion, which is a group of hundreds of cell bodies of neurons

b. A ribosome

c. one double helix of DNA

d. a cell moving across a petri dish

D

(1.5) When would the model system c. elegans (worms) be a better model system than a single-celled organism, like e. coli or yeast? When studying…

a. the regulation of swimming compared to the regulation of flying

b. how two neurons become different from each other during development

c. DNA replication

d. a basic property of exocytosis

B

(1.2) Which of the following is the largest?

a. A nucleotide

b. A genome (all the chromosomes of a cell)

c. a chromosome

d. A nucleus of a cell

D.

Which are the most major branches of the tree of life?

Prokaryotes, eukaryotes, archea

(1.4) Endosymbiosis involves

a. two separate organisms helping each other by exchanging DNA through the extracellular space

b. occurs in one life-cycles, not requiring any evolutionary adaptations

c. a symbiotic relationship between a cell that was engulfed and the cell that engulfed the other

d. the release of neurotransmitters by the fusing of a vesicle with the plasma membrane

C.

(1.5) When would you use humans as your system model? When the question you were studying was about

a. how neurons interact to create meaningful speech

b. a basic property of cell division

c. how a protein that is very similar across many species causes cells to become neurons

d. how motor neurons release neurotransmitter to cause a muscle to contract

A

(1.2) When is fluorescent light microscopy better than electron microscopy? Fluorescent light microscopy is better for

a. watching the movement of the cytoskeleton during mitosis

b. determining the number of ribosomes associate with a molecule of mRNA

c. viewing the small details of the surface of a cell, like bundles of cilia

d. determining the precise shape of an intracellular membrane

A

(1.4) The cytoskeleton

a. surrounds cells and pulls on the plasma membrane to give each cell its unique shape

b. contributes to the position of organelles vesicles and molecules inside a cell

c. is secreted by exocytosis of cytoskeletal proteins from vesicles

d. is made of phospholipids

B

(1.5) When would a single-celled organism be the best model system to use?

a. a common protein that is found in the cytosol, like an enzyme for glycolysis

b. the evolution of wings instead of fins

c. a protein that regulates the formation of the spinal chord

d. networks of neurons and how they controlled a behavior

A

(1.1) Which of the following is the best example of the diversity of cells?

a. the fact that cells replicate

b. the four types of macromolecules are building blocks of cells

c. the shapes of cells

d. the basic chemistry of cells

C

(1.4) Mitochondria and chloroplasts both (select all)

a. make ATP

b. contain the enzymes for translation and glycosylation of proteins

c. have membranes inside the organelle

d. fix carbon from carbon dioxide into sugars

A C

(1.4) Unlike animal cells, only plant cells

a. have a cell wall

b. are prokaryotic

c. store DNA in a membrane bound nucleus

d. contain mitochondria

A

(1.4) The nucleus of eukaryotic cells

a. is the major organelle where proteins are translated and modified by adding polysaccharides

b. is the major organelle where ATP is made from ADP and Pi

c. contains the genetic information of the cell (DNA)

d. is a specialized region that is not bound by membrane

C

(1.5) Instead of gathering organisms from the wild, many scientists study model organisms because

a. model organisms are simulations in computers so the experiments are cheap

b. there are more variations among the individuals of a species of a model organism that would find in the wild individuals of that species

c. all model organisms are mammals, like humans, which makes the results more important

d. using a species that other scientists have studied makes it easier to compare results

D

(1.1) Which of the following is the most fundamental property of all cells as living organisms?

a. cells are self-replicating collections of catalysts

b. chemical reactions include hydrolysis and condensation reactions

c. many cells are too small to see without a microscope

d. cells have organelles bound by membranes

A

(1.4) Unlike all eukaryotes, all prokaryotes

a. have DNA concentrated in the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a membrane

b. have plasma membranes

c. have ribosomes

d. make ATP using mitochondria

A