Test 2

Metacom's war

King Philip's War (1675-1678), conflict between Native Americans and English colonists in New England

Development of the Carolinas

Proprietary colony established in 1663, divided into North and South in 1712

Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania

William Penn's vision for a society based on Quaker principles of religious tolerance and peace

Quakers

Religious group founded by George Fox, emphasized inner light and pacifism

William Penn- what was unique

Founder of Pennsylvania, promoted religious tolerance and fair treatment of Native Americans

Navigation Act

Series of laws regulating colonial trade to benefit England, started in 1651

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley

Impact of Bacon's Rebellion

Increased tensions between colonists and Native Americans, led to stricter control over Virginia

Glorious Revolution

1688 overthrow of James II in England, replaced by William and Mary

Impact of the Glorious Revolution in the colonies

Weakened royal authority, increased colonial self-governance

Bill of Rights

1689 English law limiting monarchical power and protecting individual rights

Toleration Act (1690)

Granted freedom of worship to Protestant dissenters in England

Creation of the Dominion of New England

1686 consolidation of several colonies under single royal governor to increase British control

South Atlantic System

Trade network connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas through slavery and commodities

Slave trade

Forced transportation of Africans to the Americas for labor

Adam Smith and the Wealth of Nations

1776 book outlining principles of free-market economics

Middle Passage

Brutal journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas

Life in New England (problems, society, women)

Harsh climate, Puritan influence, limited rights for women but some economic opportunities

Diversity in the Middle colonies

Mix of ethnic and religious groups, including Dutch, English, Germans, and Quakers

Was America a "melting pot" in the eighteenth century?

Debatable concept; diverse groups often maintained distinct identities

Enlightenment

18th-century intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism

Copernicus

Renaissance astronomer who proposed heliocentric model of the solar system

Rationalism

Belief that reason is the primary source of knowledge and truth

Newton

Scientist who developed laws of motion and universal gravitation

Ben Franklin

Polymath, inventor, and Founding Father who embodied Enlightenment ideals

John Locke

Philosopher who argued for natural rights and social contract theory

Deism

Belief in God based on reason rather than revelation

Natural rights

Inherent human rights, including life, liberty, and property

Pietism

Protestant movement emphasizing personal devotion and moral living

Pietism- impact

Influenced religious revival movements and social reform efforts

Great Awakening

Religious revival movement in American colonies during the 1730s-1740s

Great Awakening- impact

Increased religious fervor, challenged established churches, promoted individualism

Old Lights

Traditional clergy who opposed the emotional preaching of the Great Awakening

New Lights

Supporters of the revivalist preaching style during the Great Awakening

New Lights contribution

Promoted religious enthusiasm and challenged established church authority

Democratization of religion

Shift towards more accessible and egalitarian forms of religious expression

Impact of the French and Indian War

Removed French presence from North America, increased British debt and colonial tensions

Impact of the Seven Years War

Global conflict resulting in British dominance and changed colonial relationships

Pontiac's Rebellion

1763 Native American uprising against British control of former French territories

Proclamation of 1763

British law prohibiting colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mountains

Impact of British industrialization on Britain and the colonies

Increased demand for raw materials, changed economic relationships

Salutary neglect

British policy of loose enforcement of trade laws in colonies before 1763

Republicanism

Political philosophy emphasizing civic virtue and opposition to monarchy and corruption

Revenue Act

1764 law imposing new taxes on colonial trade to raise revenue

Currency Act

1764 law restricting colonial paper money, causing economic hardship

Sugar Act

1764 law reducing molasses tax but increasing enforcement

End of salutary neglect

Stricter British colonial policies after 1763

Stamp Act

1765 law requiring stamps on colonial printed materials, sparked widespread protests

Committees of Correspondence

Colonial networks for sharing information and coordinating resistance

Quartering Act

1765 law requiring colonies to house and supply British troops

Declaratory Act

1766 assertion of Parliament's authority to legislate for colonies "in all cases whatsoever"

"No taxation without representation"

Colonial slogan protesting lack of direct representation in Parliament

Regulators

Colonial protest movements against corruption and unfair taxes

Impact of John Locke and English Common Law

Influenced colonial ideas about natural rights and limits on government power

Townshend Acts

1767 laws imposing new taxes on colonial imports

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Influential essays by John Dickinson arguing against Townshend Acts

Homespun virtue

Colonial boycott of British goods in favor of American-made products

Boston Massacre

1770 clash between colonists and British soldiers, heightened tensions

Tea Act

1773 law granting tea monopoly to East India Company, led to Boston Tea Party

Intolerable Acts

Punitive laws passed by Parliament in response to Boston Tea Party

Suffolk Resolves

1774 declaration of colonial grievances and call for boycott of British goods

Continental Congress

1774 meeting of colonial delegates to coordinate response to British actions

Committees of Safety

Local groups organized to enforce boycotts and resist British authority

Lord Dunmore's War

1774 conflict between Virginia colonists and Native Americans

Common Sense

1776 pamphlet by Thomas Paine arguing for American independence

Thomas Paine

Author of "Common Sense" and influential advocate for American independence

Declaration of Independence

1776 document formally announcing colonial separation from Great Britain

Jefferson and the Preamble

Thomas Jefferson's eloquent statement of human rights and self-government

Treaty of Paris

1783 agreement ending American Revolutionary War, recognizing U.S. independence