cjc340 final

Flashcards generated from social research lecture notes.

What type of reality is based on direct experience?

Experiential reality

What is agreement reality?

Things we accept as true based on others' authority.

What is a structured method for arriving at knowledge?

Science

What are two common sources of knowledge in personal human inquiry?

Tradition and Authority

What is drawing broad conclusions from few observations?

Overgeneralization

What is focusing only on events that fit pre-existing beliefs?

Selective Observation

What is investigating little-known areas in research?

Exploration

What is documenting characteristics in research?

Description

What is identifying causes and relationships in research?

Explanation

What is making variables measurable?

Operationalization

What is choosing how to gather data?

Research Method

What should you focus on when reading scholarly research?

Purpose, methods, results, and conclusions.

What is included in a research proposal?

Problem statement, literature review, methodology, data plan.

What is a set of interconnected ideas used to explain observed patterns?

Theory

What is the focus of social research, aggregates or individuals?

Aggregates

What is a trait that varies?

Variable

What is a specific value of a variable?

Attribute

What type of inquiry provides in-depth, single case explanations?

Idiographic

What type of inquiry uses general laws applying to many cases?

Nomothetic

What is reasoning from specific observations to theory?

Inductive

What is reasoning from theory to specific hypotheses?

Deductive

What is an ecological fallacy?

Drawing conclusions about individuals from group data.

What type of study happens at one point in time?

Cross-Sectional

What type of study happens over time?

Longitudinal

What is defining concepts clearly?

Conceptualization

What are ways to measure abstract ideas?

Indicators/Dimensions

What are the levels of measurement?

Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, Ratio

What are two aspects of measurement quality?

Reliability and Validity

What are common sources for measuring crime?

Police data, victimization surveys, offender self-reports

What are measures that combine indicators into scores?

Indexes