Developmental Psychology 140: FINAL EXAM

For each of the following theorists, indicate whether each had had a continuous or discontinuous view of development: Piaget

Discontinuous

For each of the following theorists, indicate whether each had had a continuous or discontinuous view of development: Erikson

Discontinuous

For each of the following theorists, indicate whether each had had a continuous or discontinuous view of development: Skinner

Continuous

For each of the following theorists, indicate whether each had had a continuous or discontinuous view of development: Freud

Discontinuous

Freud: Ages 0-18 months

Oral stage

Freud : 18-36 months

Anal Stage

Freud: 3-6 years

Phallic stage

Freud: 6 to Puberty

Latency stage

Freud: Puberty +

Genital stage

What types of Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) procedures are typically used?

Transcervical and Transabdominal

Which research design would best investigate whether diet change can serve as effective prevention for depression?

Experimental

John Bowlby's Attachment Theory

It is crucial for infants to develop close bonds with caregivers within the first year of life. Failure to do so results in serious emotional consequences for the infant. It is an all or nothing process

Infant-Parent Attachment

An infant has learned they can depend on a caregiver for their needs. When they are not in your presence they may cry and will be happy when they return. They use the caregiver as a safe base to explore their environment

T/F: Regular Infant sleep patterns can be observed from birth?

False

T/F: Experts believe that some infant reflexes are present to promote infant survival?

True

What is Discovery Learning?

Children learn by actively exploring with an emphasis on hands-on learning

In the Vygotskian model of learning, ______ is when teachers adjust the level of support they give to students

Scaffolding

What would Vygotsky say about a child's likelihood of success when learning and studying alone?

Low success

Ritalin, a common treatment for ADHD, is an example of what fond of drug?

Stimulant

inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity: Blurts out the answers before the question is fully asked?

Hyperactivity-impulsivity

Which one of Kohlberg's moral development levels emphasizes the most external control of moral behaviors?

Preconventional

T/F: Individuals who get married after age 20 are less likely to later divorce, compared to individuals who marry in their teens

True

Describe 2 common consequences of divorce on children

Girls may keep their emotions inside, but cry out and boys may seek out risky behavior or act out

What is spermache?

first sperm emission

Which protein hormone is thought to trigger the Hypothalamus' increased production of GnRh?

Leptin

Which of Sternberg's types of love includes only Commitment?

Empty love

Consummate love, Fatuous, Liking, Romantic or Companionate: Alex and Quinn just met and immediately felt a close emotional connection with one another. They love getting together to talk and have communicated their feelings of closeness to one another

Liking

Which of the following age-related brain changes are thought to harm cells and possibly contribute to Alzheimers disease? Atrophy in parts of the brain, Inflammation, or Production of free radicals

All of the above

Describe Elizabeth Kubler-Ross's 5 stages of dying

Denial- occurs when an individual gets a diagnosis of a terminal illness

Anger- Occurs because the individual feels robbed of life

Bargaining- individual will try to bargain with medical staff, god friends and family to obtain extra time

Depression- natural result to feeling there is nothing they can do to change the situation

Acceptance- not a garentee and it only occurs at the end of one's life, characterized by feelings of peace

Early puberty for girls

Problems: Early sexual activity, ED's, Poor body image

Reasons: Attention from older boys, dissatisfaction with body change

Late maturing boys

Problems: Problem behaviors, rejected by peers

Reasons: their appearance and behavior causes them to be rejected by their peers

In the module you read an APA article on early puberty. It discussed the difficulties of early puberty in terms of: fitting in with peers, experiencing social pressures, the role of unstable environments, recommendations for helping with pubertal transitions. Summarize what the article says about each area and describe in detail your reaction to what the article said about this area.

-Fitting in: Challenges with looking different from one's peers, and affects disproportionately more difficult for girls.

-Social Pressures: Peers and adults treating early maturing kids differently, hanging out with older friends.

-Unstable environments: Early life stress, absent fathers, conflict, and low socioeconomic status are all associated with early puberty. Some difficulty untangling environmental and genetic causes

-Recommendations: Increase coping skills, adaptability and planfulness