(2) Plant Structure

3 different tissue systems

Ground tissue, vascular tissue, dermal

Ground tissue:

Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma

Vascular tissue

xylem, phloem

dermal

 Epidermis, Periderm (woody plants)

Ground tissue: Cells

(parenchyma, sclerenchyma: fibers and sclerids, collenchyma)

Vascular tissue cells

 xylem: tracheids, vessels elements

Phloem cells

sieve tube members, companion cells

Pith

Central storage tissue

Monocot

1 cotyledon

Veins: parallel

Vascular bundles: scattered

Roots: fibrous

Flowers: multiples of 3

Dicot

2 cotyledons

Veins: net-like

Vascular bundles: in a ring

Roots: taproot

Flowers: multiples of 4 or 5

What is the similarities and differences between a monocot and dicot root? 

Monocot = messy (scattered bundles, fibrous roots)

Dicot = organized (ring, taproot)

differences between monocot and dicot stems (primary growth) and how do they differ from dicot secondary growth?

Monocots: ❌ no true secondary growth

 Dicots: ✅ secondary growth (thickening)

how vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Cambium divides → pushed inside = xylem, pushed outside = phloem

Know the different leaf structures (1)

Mesophyll

• Palisade layer - photosynthesis 

•  Spongy layer - gas exchange

Know the different leaf structures (2)

Epidermis

•  Stomata - openings on underside of leaf

• Guard Cells - surround stomata

• Cuticle - waxy coating excreted by epidermis