Foundations and Theories Quiz 3

Voices of Right Now - Natasha Smet

Natasha Smet came from India to the US to become an OT. Her mentors help her through imposter syndrome and difficulties to pass her board exam. She now passes it forward in an underrepresented OT program

Case 1

Evan is a premature baby in the NICU and the OT helps with suggestions to ease the parents stress and long drives 

Case 2

Grace is an elderly who had a fall. The OT is evaluating the safety of her home so she can keep living independently

Case 1 and 2 meaning

OTs work in a wide range of ages with each age having different milestones and occupations affected by a variety of things 

Childhood

• Diagnosis: autism, cerebral palsy, down syndrome, intellectual disabilities, development coordination disorder, developmental delay, childhood illness (cancer, asthma), rare medical conditions (tourettes), physical disabilities (spinal cord injury), behavioral/psychological disorders (ADHD)

• Settings: School, clinics, community settings, hospitals 

• Intervention: Use play to improve motor, social, cognitive skills 

Late Adulthood

• Diagnosis: alzheimers, parkinson, stroke, cardiac conditions, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, terminal illness

• Interventions: Safety in home and driving, sensory changes like visual accommodations

Box 13.2 – Suggestions for home programs

• Keep suggestions simple, playful, and fun for parents to easily carry-out and use with children 

• Limit the amount of suggestions

• Ensure parent comprehension by demonstration and asking for results next session

Influencer section - Erica Skinner

Erica Skinner discussed that occupational justice is the core of our profession and EVERYONE no matter their background or experiences deserves to participate in meaningful occupations

Public Health

operated by federal, state, or county governments (ex. VA, public health, indian health, jail)

Private not for profit

receive special tax exemptions, typically charge a fee for services, and maintain a balanced budget to provide services (ex. Hospitals with religious affiliation, private teaching hospitals)

Private for profit

owned and operated by individuals or a group of investors for a profit. They may focus on one level of care or own multiple facilities

Acute

Hospital

Subacute

skilled nursing upgraded beds or extra beds in hospital

Long term

skilled nursing, extended care facility, residential care facility, clients home, outpatient clinic, community based

Hospitals

disabling condition (spinal cord, head trauma, burns, disorders) and premature infants

Clinic

Usually just discharged from hospital

Home health

Hospice sometimes

Schools

children with disabilities

Day treatment

people who need daytime supervision and require some assistance (children with behavioral disorders, person with mental illness, alzheimers, old person)

Workshops

people with developmental disabilities to who are not able to seek employment in competitive job market

Behavioral health centers

psychiatric, severe developmental disabilities, or emotional disabilities

Community mental health centers

people with mental health issues

Supervised Living:

people who do not need formal care but cannot manage to live on their own 

Public Law 94-142 – timeframe, focus, implications

In 1975, Education for All Handicapped Children Act: which made a public school education available for all children, regardless of their disability and allow them to be able to receive services like OT, PT and speech, language, pathology, and mandated that all children have the services they need to be successful in the classroom

Be able to briefly describe one recent OT employment trend

There is an increase of graduates entering the field. The average age dropped from 41 to 38 and average years of experience dropped from 12 to 9

Thought Leader section - Sandra Ulmer

Sandra Ulmer discusses how learning about OT through a career program and then taking the time to do the education was the best thing she has done. She has learned how to invest her own self in practices that will keep her healthier longer. She also mentioned how she wants to get more black OTs into the field.

3 main parts of OT process (Figure 16-1)

Evaluation, Intervention, Outcomes

2 main parts of the evaluation process (after referral and screening)

Occupational profile and Occupational performance

How is the occupational profile completed?

An interview to gather all the information about the client and can use the OTPF to guide questions

Validity

research testing shows it to be a true measure of what claim to measure (is it accurate)

Reliability

a measure of how accurately the scores obtained from the test reflect the true performance of the client (does it produce same results every time)

Test retest reliability

indicator of consistency of the results of a given test from one administration to another  (are the results the same on the same person studied)

Interrater Reliability

Indicator of the likelihood that test scores will be the same no matter who the examiner is

Box 16-1 – General familiarity with things to observe

• How client performs the activity in terms of client factors 

• Client in terms of an overall impression during activities 

• Information on specific qualities

• Overall looking at emotions, energy, cognition, ability to complete activity

Box 16-2 – 5 types of intervention

• Create/promote

• Establish, restore 

• Maintain

• Modify 

• Prevent