Final Exam World Music 1250 Study Set

Labanotation

A system used to document dance named after its creator, Rudolf Laban. It is the use of diagrams to describe dance motion in great detail.

What does Capoeira mean?

"It comes from the Jungle"

Where did Capoeira originate?

Brazil

What is Capoeira?

A type of martial art with a wide variety of global influences. A centuries old Afro Brazilian performance style combining elements of martial art, dance, and music.

Capoeiristas

Competing players of a capoeira.

bateria

The orchestra of a capoeira.

What does a capoeira orchestra consist of?

Berimbau, Pandiero, Agogo, Atabaque, Reco Reco

Roda

Where a Capoeira is held

Berimbau

Large musical bows used in a capoeira orchestra

Atabaque

A tall cylindrical drum used in a capoeira orchestra

Pandeiro

A fame drum similar to the tambourine.

Agogo

An iron gong with two cowbells welded together.

Reco Reco

A scraper used in a capoeira orchestra

Ginga

"the sway" capoeira's movements are based on. A continuous motion of the player's body from side to side in wide-legged stances that vary according to the locale, teacher, or individual interpretations.

n'golo

An Angolan combat game from west, central, and southern Africa.

Mestre

Master of capoeira

Angoleiros

Practitioners of Angola-style capoeira

ladainha

The first section of the capoeira. A solo introduction of historical and philosophical content to the participants.

Chula

A responsorial section of the capoeira. Also known as the prayer or praising, consisting of salutations and respectful greetings called out by the soloists.

Corrido

The third part of the capoeira. Another responsorial section that signals the game can begin. In contrast to the chula, the call this section varies but the response stays constant.

tango

A type of music and dance originating in rural Argentina, (Buenos Aires).

Rhythm of the tango

The musical foundation is a quadruple meter, strongly emphasized in the bass. Other rhythms, particularly stress on the second half of the second beat, may be superimposed on the quadruple framework.

Orquesta tipica

Tango ensemble consisting of a piano, violins, a cello, a double bass and bandoneónes

Bandoneón

A type of button accordion

Parts of the accordion

Bellows with a headboard on each side. Both headboards have multiple holes containing "free reeds"

Habanera

The main rhythm of the tango. A strong quadruple beat often embellished in the instrumental accompaniment with a long-short-rhythm pattern, consisting of a long beat followed by one that is half its duration.

Compadrito

literally, "a man who has come to less"". both lover an pimp, dressed in a tight black suit and high-heeled shoes. A type of urban gaucho.

Gaucho

Rural Argentinean cowboy

International Tango Style

Highly choreographed ballroom type dance. Simpler than the Argentinian tango. Originally developed in France and Great Britain.

Argentinian style of tango dance

Performed in a close embrace, with contact in the upper torso.

American style tango

Social dance, although it is used in ballroom competitions as well

Astor Piazzolla

created a purely instrumental "new tango" intended for concert halls instead of dancing.

Carlos Gardel

Legendary tango singer most responsible for the internationalization of the tango. Tragically died in a plane crash generating adoration for his music.

La Cumparsita

Song by Carlos Gardel. The lyrics describe someone's pain, grief, and loneliness. His love left him, his friends left him, even his dog left him. He still misses his love who left him.

Milonga

Meaning 1) Predecessor of the tango, featuring music, verbal improvisations, and dancing.

Meaning 2). The Gran Milonga Nacional commemorating Carlos Gardel's birthday

Bhangra

An accessible dance style associated with South Asian diaspora communities in Great Britain and North America.

Giddha

A dance performed by women in Punjabi accompanied by handclaps rather than drums.

Jhummar

The underlying rhythm bhangra

Dhol

two-headed drum made of mango wood, with lacings that secure the heads.

Algoza

double-flute used in bhangra

Chimta

metal idiophone with discs attached used to accompany bhangra

Bugdu

Single-pitched string instrument used in bhangra.

Sangeet Group

Composed the song Aao Nachiye, a bhangra hit in the mid-1990s

Hidden transcripts

describe musical performances and repertories that embed messages through metaphorical or coded terms.

Public transcripts

Open musical displays of power, expressing open opposition.

Languages of the South African National Anthem

Zulu, Sesotho, Afrikaans, Xhosa, English.

Nelson Mandela

ANC leader imprisoned by Afrikaner regime; released in 1990 and elected as president of South Africa in 1994.

Apartheid

A social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against non-whites.

Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika

Originated as a Christian hymn, composed by Enoch Manakayi Sontonga.

Enoch Sontonga

A choirmaster and teacher at a Methodist mission school near Johannesburg, South Africa. He composed Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika.

Die Stem van Suid Afrika

The call of South Africa, was the national anthem of South Africa from 1957 to 1994, created by the administrators of the apartheid. Combined with Nkosi Sikelel' IAfrika to make a new hybrid anthem in 1997, South Africa.

Reggae

A musical style associated with the Rastafarian movement which sought to reclaim black pride through a return to Africa.

Ras Tafari

An Ethiopian Regent. His accession to the Ethiopian throne was thought to herald the deliverance of oppressed blacks.

Rastafarianism

A religious movement from Jamaica whose adherents revere the Ethiopian emperor Haile Selassie

Syncopation of Reggae

accents on beats 2 and 4

Ska

The predecessor of reggae, based on indigenous Jamaican rhythm. This type of music was followed by rock steady.

Rock steady

Characterized by a much slower tempo than ska, anchored by a drum and bassline; the texts discuss freedom and equality.

Bob Marley

Famous reggae singer

Peter Tosh

as a Jamaican reggae musician who was a core member of the band The Wailers (1963-1974), and who afterwards had a successful solo career as well as being a promoter of Rastafari.

powwow

A Shoshone Native American ceremony that often includes traditional dancing and games

Expected behavior at a powwow

stand/remove hats when the eagle staff is brought in during the grand entry. If an eagle feather falls during the dancing, everything stops until the feather has been properly returned. Camera usage may or may not be allowed. No flash cameras or videotaping is discouraged. Honor the drug-free, alcohol free policy.

Honor Beats

Series of drum beats in Native American practice

Flag Song

A Native American song performed during a powwow flag ceremony to honor the American flag.

Vocables

meaningless sung syllables that take the place of song lyrics

War Dance

A Native American dance performed by men. Men wear a small feathered bustle, along with eagle feathers and a breastplate

Hoop Dance

Native American dance using multiple hoops

Fancy Dance

a virtuosic dance (war (men perform) or even shawl (women perform) dance) performed by Native Americans

Jingle Dance

Women's dance in present-day powwows, named after the metal jingles that cover festive dresses

Grass Dance

a women's dance at a powwow, named after the fringed regalia worn in performance.

ululation

A vocal sound of joy or celebration.

Lei Liang

Chinese composer who lived through aftermath of Chinese Cultural Revolution. Combines traditional Chinese music with Western orchestral music

Gobi Gloria

A celebration of Mongolia's Gobi Desert. The Gloria references a historical European tradition. The Gloria is the section of the Roman Catholic Mass that offers praise to God.

Chamber music

ensemble music for up to about ten players, with one player to a part

string quartet

2 violins, 1 viola, 1 cello

One-note polyphony

Technique used by composer Lei Liang in which the same pitch is sounded in different instruments with different timbres.

Wenren

Traditional Chinese concept, a philosopher-artist whose work cuts across boundaries

Cultural Revolution in China (1966 - 1976)

Campaign in China ordered by Mao Zedong to purge the Communist Party of his opponents and instill revolutionary values in the younger generation. Effectively brought independent composing, performing, teaching, and research to an official halt.

Karaoke literally means

empty orchestra

Where did Karaoke originate?

a snack bar in Kobe, Japan

Kata

"patterned form", which pervades the Japanese arts, including the tea ceremony.

Kabuki Theater

A form of Japanese theater developed in the seventeenth century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting

Noh Flute

flute used in noh drama and kabuki theater

Taiko Drum

drumming, national symbol, kodo

Kakegoe

vocal drum calls used in noh theater

no rae pang

(1) Literally, "song room"; a Korean style of karaoke performed with a small group of friends in a private rented room. (2) The room where the karaoke takes place.

Enka

a popular Japanese music genre considered to resemble traditional Japanese music stylistically

Hibari Misora

Japanese singer, actress and cultural icon. "Queen of Enka"

7-rules of Karaoke singing in Japan

1) Do not sing when you are drunk.

2) Do not sing too loudly.

3) Do not abuse the echo effect too much

4) Do not monopolize the microphone.

5) Do not sing songs written for the opposite sex unless you want to surprise the audience.

6) Do not sing songs composed by very gifted writers.

7) Do not be to narcissistic.

Cajuns

an ethnic group possessing unique linguistic, religious, and other cultural traits, located in Louisiana and surrounding areas.

Acadien

The word from which "Cajun" is derived from.

Acadia

the region off the eastern coast of Canada later called Nova Scotia

Creoles

In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all nonnative peoples.

Hip and Tiyo

A French-derived Cajun cowboy refrain which Alan Lomax postulates may have inspired the cowboy song Hipiyaye, Tipiyayo.

Fais-dodo

(literally means "go to sleep", refers to the old custom of bringing along small children to balls that would be lulled to sleep by the music.

Bals de Maison (House Dances)

where furniture in homes is moved to the outer edges of the house so friends can come to the house to dance

Zydeco dance styles

Cajun Jitterbug and Cajun Twostep

Fiddle playing uses what instrument?

A violin

"the beans are not salty"

that is to say they are not flavored by the salted meat that is too expensive to buy during hard times

Zydeco instruments

Rub board (Wash board) (Froittoir)

Accordion

Guitar

Violin

Clifton Chenier plays the

keyboard accordion