unit 1

The meaning of Renaissance

rebirth

Humanism

study of Greek/Latin classics to try to revive ancient values - be the pinnacle of a human man and be the best and knowledgable about everything

Medieval Society and Art

Church dominated

Agricultural society

Feudal society

art was mostly flat, not very detailed, not very life like

Renaissance Society and Art

Political Centralization

Secular ideas

Capitalist society

Art is life like and extremely detailed

Northern Renaissance

printing press

challenged church beliefs'/ideals

Utopia-Thomas

Christian Humanism

Italian Renaissance

Focused on self improvement and goals

Secular focus

Patrons of the Renaissance

Medici family, pope, rich ppl

Michaelangelo

Sistine Chapel, David

Botticelli

Birth of Venus

Leonardo DaVinci

Mona Lisa last supper

Raphael

Madonna and child, School of Athens

Donatello

popularized bronze statues → bronze of David

Sir Thomas More

Utopia → society needs improvement, not the individual

Niccolo Machiavelli

The prince → advocated for a strong merciless ruler

Francesco Petrarch

Cazioniere → perfect man, quality of humanism

Printing Press

Gutenburg

effects → spread ideas, new languages, religion, literature, made propaganda possible, people did not need to rely on Church for religious texts, created a sense of nationalism

Spain

king - Ferdinand, queen - Isabella

consolidate power - married to unite Spain, Reconquista (push Jews and Muslims out), explorations

religion → Christianity

England - King Henry VII

how did they consolidate power → defeat Richard II, established Tudor dynasty, royal council controls the government more than the parliament,

war → war of roses

religion → Christianity

England - King VIII

how did they consolidate power → became the head of the Church, abolished ties with Pope

religion → angelican

France - King Charles VII

How did they consolidate power → reorganized government (new tax on land and goods - peasants sad :(

religion → christianity

France - King Louis XI

How did they consolidate power → controlled Burgundy aka got more land and power

religion → christianity

Christopher Columbus

wanted to find the route to India, ended up in hisponlia

hundreds of thousands of natives died from disease, weapons, slavery, etc. making the population to decrease drastically

Spanish got more power because the materials found

Ferdinand Magellan

1st circumnavigation (travel all around the world) around globe

Francisco Pizarro

Conquered Inca People

Hernand Cortes

conquered Mexico → end aztec rule

Encomienda system

the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter → this never happened, only on paper, it was all slavery

Who did not support the encomienda system

Bartolome de las Casas

In Asiento system Spain traded/paid for slaves

true

reasons for exploration

God, Glory, Gold, curiosity from the Renassiance, spices, nationalism/competition

Effects of exploration

deaths of natives, population decrease of natives, identity lost, cultures lost, new products/materials in Europe → caused inflation

Enclosure system positives and negatives

positive

individuals owned and operated on their land only

makes farming more efficient

negatives

peasants lost jobs

What caused Spain’s inflation?

Spain had a huge population increase and their was not enough food/homes/ materials/ etc.

t o f - the commercial revolution is also called the financial revolution

t

what group benefited the most during the inflation/price increase

middle class

example of a joint stock company

east india tea company

open field system

arrangement of peasant agriculture, scattered into strips, each strip rented by peasant to grow, the field is owned privately

mercantilism

colonies only make money for the mother land, they are not considered citizens

scholasticism

theology based on following church dogmas based on Aristotle teachings