Muscles Functions

Epicranium - frontal belly

Raise eyebrows

Epicranium - occipital belly

Tense scalp

Temporoparietalis

Tense scalp

Orbicularis Oculi

Close eyes, blinking, squinting

Levator Labii Superioris

Elevate upper lip

Depressor labii inferioris

Depress lower lip

Levator Anguli Oris

Elevate corner of mouth

Depressor Anguli Oris

Depress corner of mouth; antagonistic of zygomatic major

Zygomatic Major

Elevate lateral corner of mouth upward (smiling muscle)

Zygomatic Minor

Elevate upper lip

Risorius

Pull corner of lips laterally; synergistic for smiling

Orbicularis Oris

Closes lips (kissing and whistling muscle)

Buccinator

Draw corner of mouth laterally

Platisma

Tense skin of neck, depress mandible

Masseter

Elevate mandible

Temporalis

Close mandible

Genioglossus

Depresses and protracts (forward) tongue

Hyoglossus

Depresses and retracts (backward) tongue

Palatoglossus

Elevates tongue

Styloglossus

Elevates tongue

Superior Rectus Muscles

Elevates and medially rotates eyeball

Inferior Rectus Muscles

Depresses and medially rotates eyeball

Lateral Rectus Muscles

Abducts (rotates laterally) eyeball

Medial Rectus Muscles

Adducts (rotates medially) eyeball

Inferior Oblique Muscles

Elevates and laterally rotates eyeball

Superior Oblique Muscles

Depresses and laterally rotates eyeball

Digastric

Elevates hyoid bone & larynx

Stylohyoid

Elevates hyoid bone & larynx

Mylohyoid

Elevates hyoid hone

Geniohyoid

Pulls hyoid bone superiorly and anteriorly

Sternohyoid

Depresses hyoid bone & larynx

Sternothyroid

Depresses hyoid bone & larynx

Omohyoid

Depresses hyoid bone & larynx

Thyrohyoid

Depresses hyoid bone; elevates larynx

Sternocleidomastoid

Flexes neck

Scalenes: Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Flex neck

Splenius capitis

Extends head

External Intercostal

Elevates rib cage (normal inspiration); synergist to diaphragm

Internal Intercostal

Depresses rib cage (forced expiration); antagonist to external intercostal

Diaphragm

Expands thoracic cavity; compresses abdominopelvic cavity

Rectus Abdominis

Flex vertebral column

External Oblique

Flex vertebral column

Internal Oblique

Flex vertebral column

Transversus Abdominis

Aids in forced expiration

Pectoralis Major

Rotates arm medially

Pectoralis Minor

Depress shoulder

Serratus Anterior

Rotates scapula

Trapezius

Rotates scapula

Rhomboids Major

Retract (adduct) scapula

Rhomboid Minor

Retract (adduct) scapula

Levator Scapulae

Elevate scapula

Deltoid

Abduct arm

Latissimus Dorsi

Adduct arm

Subscapularis

Rotates arm medially

Supraspinatus

Abduct arm

Infraspinatus

Rotates arm laterally

Teres Major

Adducts arm; synergistic to latissimus dorsi

Teres Minor

Rotates arm laterally

Coracobrachialis

Adducts arm

Triceps Brachii

Extends forearm; antagonist of forearm flexors

Biceps Brachii

Supination of forearm

Brachialis

Flexes forearm

Brachioradialis

Flexes elbow; synergist in forearm flexion

Pronator teres

Pronation of forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes wrist

Palmaris longus

Flexes wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexes middle phalanges (fingers 2–5)

Flexor pollicis longus

Flexes thumb

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexes distal phalanges (fingers 2–5)

Pronator quadratus

Pronation of forearm

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends & abducts wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extends & abducts wrist

Extensor digitorum

Extends fingers & wrist

Extensor digiti minimi

Extends little finger

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extends & adducts wrist

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extends thumb (distal phalanx)

Abductor pollicis longus

Extends thumb

Supinator

Supination of forearm; antagonist of pronator muscles

Adductor pollicis

Adducts thumb

Opponents pollicis

Opposition of thumb

Abductor pollicis brevis

Abducts thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis

Flexes thumb

Abductor digiti minimi

Abducts little finger

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Flexes little finger

Opponens digiti minimi

Opposition of 5th digit

Palmaris brevis

Tenses skin of palm

Iliacus

Flex thigh

Psoas major

Flex thigh

Sartorius

Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh

Adductor magnus

Adducts thigh

Adductor longus

Adducts thigh

Pectineus

Adducts and medially rotates thigh

Gracilis

Adducts and medially rotates thigh

Rectus femoris

Extends knee and flexes thigh

Vastus lateralis

Extends knee

Vastus medialis

Extends knee

Vastus intermedius

Extends knee

Tensor fasciae latae

Abducts & medially rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus

Extends, abducts & laterally rotates thigh