18.1, 18.2 carboxylic acids, esters

Forming carboxylic acids
1. o__ of a__/__ alc w/ r__ + a__ K__/KMnO₄

oxidation, aldehydes, primary, reflux, acidified K2Cr2O7

Forming carboxylic acids
2. H__ of n__ w/ d__ a__/alkali (-CN → -COOH)
> dilute acid:
>> nitrile + __ + __ → c__ a__ + N__

hydrolysis, nitrile, dilute acid, HCl, H2O, carboxylic acid, NH4Cl

Forming carboxylic acids
2. Hydrolysis of n__ w/ dilute acid/a__ (-CN → -COOH)
> dilute alkali:
>> nitrile + N__ + __ → s__ c__ (COO^-__) + N__
>> further a__ → c__ a__

nitriles, alkali, NaOH, H2O, sodium carboxylate, Na+, NH3, acidification, carboxylic acid

Forming carboxylic acids
3. h__ of e__ w/ r__ + dilute a__/alkali
> dilute acid: ester + H__ ←(__(aq))→  c__ a__ + a__
> dilute alkali + a__: ester + N__ → s__ c__ + a__
>> further acidification → c__ a__

hydrolysis, ester, reflux, acid, h2o, H+, carboxylic acid, alcohol, acidification, NaOH, sodium carboxylate, alcohol, carboxylic acid

Reactions of carboxylic acids
1. r__ w/ reactive m__ → metal c__ + __(g)
2. n__ w/ a__ (N__) → sodium c__ + __

redox, metal, carboxylate, H2, neutralisation, alkali, NaOH, carboxylate, H2O

Reactions of carboxylic acids
3. a__-b__ w/ c__ → metal c__ + __ + C__
4. esterification (c__) w/ r__ + conc. a__
> a__ + carboxylic acid ←(__, reflux)→ e__ + H2O
5. r__ by __ → p__ alc + H2O

acid base, carbonate, carboxylate, H2O, CO2, condensation, reflux, acid, alc, H2SO4, ester, reduction, LiAlH4, primary

Making esters
> H₂SO₄ acts as c__ & d__ a__

catalyst, dehydrating agent

Naming esters
1st part from __
2nd part from __

alc, carboxylic acid

Reactions of esters
> h__ w/ r__ + d__ a__/alkali
acid: ester + __ ←__(aq)→ c__ a__ + a__
alkali: ester + __ → s__ c__ + alc

hydrolysis, reflux, dilute acid, H2O, H+, carboxylic acid, alc, NaOH, sodium carboxylate