Timby's Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing, 13e - Chapter 58 Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering infectious, inflammatory, congenital, and obstructive disorders of the kidneys and ureters, as well as kidney failure and dialysis management from Chapter 58.

Pyelonephritis

An infectious and inflammatory disorder of the kidney and renal pelvis, most commonly caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli.

Acute Pyelonephritis

A disorder that presents with moderate to severe symptoms usually lasting 1 to 2 weeks.

Chronic Pyelonephritis

A condition resulting from the recurrence of infection or unsuccessful treatment of an acute inflammatory disorder.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

An inflammation of the renal glomeruli caused by a bacterial infection, which is twice as common in males as in females.

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine, often associated with acute glomerulonephritis, polycystic renal disease, or kidney tumors.

Proteinuria

A condition characterized by the presence of excess protein in the urine, commonly found in acute glomerulonephritis.

Oliguria

A term describing a decrease in urinary volume output.

Periorbital Edema

Swelling around the eyes, which is a common assessment finding in acute glomerulonephritis.

Anasarca

Generalized, massive edema often seen in clients with chronic glomerulonephritis.

Polycystic Renal Disease

A congenital kidney disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, characterized by the formation of multiple bilateral kidney cysts.

Urolithiasis

A general term for the formation of stones in the urinary tract.

Nephrolithiasis

Specifically refers to the formation or presence of kidney stones.

Ureterolithiasis

Specifically refers to the formation or presence of stones within the ureter.

ESWL (Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)

A medical management technique using shock waves to break up kidney or ureteral stones.

Ureteral Stricture

The narrowing of the ureter, which can be caused by chronic stone formation or congenital anomalies.

Ureteroplasty

A surgical procedure used to repair or reconstruct a ureteral stricture.

Initiation Phase

The first phase of acute renal failure, which involves the onset of acute tubular necrosis.

Oliguric Phase

A phase of acute renal failure characterized by reduced urinary volume.

Diuretic Phase

A phase of acute renal failure during which the nephrons are in the process of recovering.

Arteriovenous Fistula

A surgical anastomosis of an artery and a vein used as vascular access for hemodialysis.

Arteriovenous Graft

A vascular access for dialysis that uses a tube to connect a vein and an artery in the arm.

Thrill

A palpable vibration over a vascular access site (fistula or graft) that indicates blood flow.

Bruit

A loud sound heard over a vascular access site caused by turbulent blood flow.

Disequilibrium Syndrome

A potential complication of dialysis that nurses must observe for before a client is discharged.

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

A form of dialysis where approximately $2000\,\text{mL}$ of dialysate is instilled into the peritoneum by gravity.